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 "note": "Figures from different counting bodies or scopes are never added together.",
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    "id": "to-20261027-0t77",
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    "note": "At least 436 people injured in territory of Ukraine occupied by the Russian Federation in September 2026, according to Russian authorities' public statements, as compiled by HRMMU, which could not verify the vast majority.",
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     "measure": "injured",
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    "note": "Miroshnik said 464 people, 18 of them minors, were injured in February 2026. A party's count, not independently verified.",
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     "geography": "Russia, including Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions of Ukraine",
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     "best": 464
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      "url": "https://profile.ru/news/politics/72-mirnyh-zhitelya-rossii-pogibli-za-mesyac-iz-za-dejstvij-kieva-miroshnik-1831094/",
      "origin": "Rodion Miroshnik Telegram post, March 2026",
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      "published_at": "2026-03-06T00:00:00Z",
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   {
    "id": "to-20261027-139e",
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    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "June 2025",
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     "measure": "injured",
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      "from": "2025-06-01",
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    "value": {
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     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/297777-civilian-casualties-ukraine-reach-three-year-high-june-un-human-rights-monitors-say",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for June 2025",
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   {
    "id": "to-20261027-1nwg",
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    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "June 2026, highest monthly toll since April 2022, per HRMMU",
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     "measure": "killed",
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     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
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      "from": "2026-06-01",
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     {
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      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/319320-civilian-casualties-soar-ukraine-first-half-2026-amid-escalating-attacks-and-intensifying",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for June 2026",
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    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "Civilians injured in Ukraine in July 2026 as shown in the monthly table of HRMMU's September 2026 update.",
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      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2026-10/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28September%202026%29_ENG.pdf",
      "origin": "HRMMU September 2026 update, page 4 monthly table",
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   {
    "id": "to-20261027-22p8",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "January to June 2026, 37% up on the same period of 2025, per HRMMU",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-01-01",
      "to": "2026-06-30"
     },
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     "as_of": "2026-06-30"
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     "best": 1396
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     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/319320-civilian-casualties-soar-ukraine-first-half-2026-amid-escalating-attacks-and-intensifying",
      "origin": "HRMMU update on the first half of 2026",
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   {
    "id": "to-20261027-2825",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "January 2025; 27% of deaths from short-range drones",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-01-01",
      "to": "2025-01-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-01-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 139
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/289062-ukraine-short-range-drones-become-most-dangerous-weapon-civilians-un-human-rights-monitors",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly protection of civilians update, January 2025",
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      "published_at": "2025-02-11T00:00:00Z",
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    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
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   {
    "id": "to-20261027-2hz4",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "Figures reported by Russian authorities for civilians killed on Russian territory in the first half of 2026, as compiled by HRMMU, which says it could not verify most of them. Not an HRMMU-verified count. Excludes Russian-occupied areas of Ukraine.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russian Federation",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-01-01",
      "to": "2026-06-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-06-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 250
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/node/319320",
      "origin": "Russian authorities' public statements, compiled by HRMMU",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-14T00:00:00Z",
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      "language": "en"
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    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
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   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-2r9x",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "July 2025; highest monthly figure since May 2022, per HRMMU",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-07-01",
      "to": "2025-07-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-07-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 286
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/299761-number-civilians-killed-and-injured-ukraine-reaches-three-year-monthly-high-july-2025-un",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly civilian harm update for July 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-08-13T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
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    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "At least 462 injured in the Russian Federation in September 2026 according to Russian authorities, compiled but not verified by HRMMU.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russian Federation",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-09-01",
      "to": "2026-09-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 462
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/Protection-of-Civilians-in-Armed-Conflict-September-2026",
      "origin": "Russian authorities' public statements, compiled by HRMMU",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
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      "language": "en"
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   },
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    "note": "Named dead in the UALosses database; site shows the range 24.02.22 to 25.10.26. Independent reviewers note that 2026 deaths are thinly covered and the current verification process is not documented.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-10-25"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 115952
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    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ualosses",
      "url": "https://ualosses.org/en/",
      "origin": "UALosses database headline counts",
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      "published_at": "2026-10-25T00:00:00Z",
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    "note": "Ukrainian service members listed as prisoners in the UALosses database (it separately lists 7,205 released from captivity). Not an official figure.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "detained",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine and Russia",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
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     "as_of": "2026-10-25"
    },
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    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ualosses",
      "url": "https://ualosses.org/en/",
      "origin": "UALosses database headline counts",
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   {
    "id": "to-20261027-482p",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "Civilians killed in this period as verified by OHCHR by 3 July 2022, from the monthly breakdown in the 4 July update. Later updates may revise it.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2022-05-01",
      "to": "2022-05-31"
     },
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     "as_of": "2022-07-03"
    },
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     "best": 453
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://www.ohchr.org/en/updates/2022/07/ukraine-civilian-casualty-update-4-july-2022",
      "origin": "OHCHR civilian casualty update, period 24 Feb to midnight on 3 Jul 2022",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-07-04T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
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    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
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   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-4y65",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "March 2025",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-03-01",
      "to": "2025-03-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
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    },
    "value": {
     "best": 164
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/292381-stark-increase-civilian-casualties-march-un-human-rights-monitors-say",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly protection of civilians update, March 2025",
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   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-5fyy",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU verified civilians killed in Ukraine in calendar 2025, as reported in January 2026 (12,142 injured). The four-year fact sheet later gives 2,526 killed and 12,162 injured for 2025; the difference reflects later verification.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-01-01",
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     "as_of": "2025-12-31"
    },
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    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ukrinform",
      "url": "https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/4079821-un-2025-deadliest-year-for-civilians-in-ukraine-since-2022.html",
      "origin": "HRMMU annual figures for 2025",
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      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
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    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-5qs9",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "At least 53 killed in the Russian Federation in September 2026 according to Russian authorities' statements on individual incidents, compiled by HRMMU, which could not verify most of them.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russian Federation",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-09-01",
      "to": "2026-09-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 53
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/Protection-of-Civilians-in-Armed-Conflict-September-2026",
      "origin": "Russian authorities' public statements, compiled by HRMMU",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-6g44",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "Civilians killed in this period as verified by OHCHR by 3 July 2022, from the monthly breakdown in the 4 July update. Later updates may revise it.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2022-02-24",
      "to": "2022-02-28"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2022-07-03"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 336
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://www.ohchr.org/en/updates/2022/07/ukraine-civilian-casualty-update-4-july-2022",
      "origin": "OHCHR civilian casualty update, period 24 Feb to midnight on 3 Jul 2022",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-07-04T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-6k1n",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU's own cumulative figure in its September 2026 update: civilians killed in Ukraine since 24 February 2022 whose deaths met the mission's 'reasonable grounds to believe' standard. A verified minimum; HRMMU says the actual toll is likely considerably higher, especially in Mariupol, Lysychansk, Popasna and Sievierodonetsk. Includes territory occupied by the Russian Federation where verifiable. Of those killed, HRMMU lists 462 boys, 361 girls and 27 children of unknown sex. Replaces the secondary 17,600 point (hrmmu-killed-2026-09-30) in toll-ru-ua.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 17605
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2026-10/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28September%202026%29_ENG.pdf",
      "origin": "HRMMU September 2026 update, page 4: civilian casualties since 24 February 2022",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-sq1h"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-6xn6",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.unhcr",
    "note": "5.213 million refugees from Ukraine recorded in Europe as of 30 April 2026 (0.549 million outside Europe): UNHCR data relayed by Ukraine's Ministry of Economy and Environment.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Europe",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-04-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 5213000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.interfax-ukraine",
      "url": "https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/1186730.html",
      "origin": "Ukraine Ministry of Economy and Environment monitoring, citing UNHCR data",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-21T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-y77g"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-73db",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.mediazona",
    "note": "Headline of the Mediazona and Meduza probate registry estimate published 24 February 2024 ('At least 75,000 dead Russian soldiers'), as listed by Meduza; as_of is the publication date because the cut-off was not confirmed.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "modelled",
     "as_of": "2024-02-24"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 75000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.meduza",
      "url": "https://meduza.io/en/feature/2025/08/29/the-deadliest-year-yet",
      "origin": "Meduza list of earlier Mediazona and Meduza estimates",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-08-29T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-7zsf",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "children killed in April 2025",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "subgroup": "children",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-04-01",
      "to": "2025-04-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-04-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 19
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/294036-april-deadliest-month-ukraine%E2%80%99s-civilians-september",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for April 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-05-08T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-84xn",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.iom",
    "note": "internally displaced persons, from an IOM survey run July to October 2025; excludes Crimea and occupied areas",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine, government-controlled areas (internally displaced)",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "modelled",
     "as_of": "2025-10-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 3700000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.un-ukraine",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/305179-over-million-displaced-ukrainians-forced-exhaust-their-savings-cover-rent",
      "origin": "IOM general population survey, July to October 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-11-12T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-8zj7",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "At least 87 people killed in territory of Ukraine occupied by the Russian Federation in September 2026, according to Russian authorities' public statements on individual incidents, as compiled by HRMMU, which could not verify the vast majority. Separate from the 53 killed in the Russian Federation (ru-auth-civ-killed-2026-09).",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russian-occupied territory of Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-09-01",
      "to": "2026-09-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 87
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2026-10/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28September%202026%29_ENG.pdf",
      "origin": "Russian authorities' public statements, compiled by HRMMU",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-93wc",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.iom",
    "note": "IOM said nearly 3.6 million people remain internally displaced across Ukraine and about 3.8 million have returned since February 2022. The release does not give the reference date; it likely reflects General Population Survey Round 25 (fieldwork 24 June to 26 August 2026), so as_of is the release date.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine (internally displaced)",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "modelled",
     "as_of": "2026-10-16"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 3600000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.iom",
      "url": "https://ukraine.iom.int/news/damaged-homes-and-energy-attacks-risk-displacing-ukrainians-again-winter-iom-warns",
      "origin": "IOM Ukraine displacement estimate, October 2026 release",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-16T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-e2t2"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-9pb9",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "August to November 2023",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2023-08-01",
      "to": "2023-11-30"
     },
     "bound": "exact",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2023-11-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 1864
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/255596-ukraine-faces-second-winter-war-un-warns-long-conflict",
      "origin": "OHCHR periodic report, 12 Dec",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2023-12-12T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-acxm",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.unhcr",
    "note": "Refugees from Ukraine recorded globally, UNHCR Ukraine Flash Update No 82. as_of is the update's date. UNHCR revised totals down in 2025 to reflect onward and return movements, so earlier higher figures are not directly comparable.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Global",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "exact",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2025-07-25"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 5643360
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.unhcr",
      "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/2025-07/20250725%20Ukraine%20Flash%20Update%20No%2082.pdf",
      "origin": "UNHCR Ukraine Flash Update No 82",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-07-25T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-ajjf",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "killed or injured, first half of 2025; 54% above the same period of 2024",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "casualties",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-01-01",
      "to": "2025-06-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-06-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 6754
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/297777-civilian-casualties-ukraine-reach-three-year-high-june-un-human-rights-monitors-say",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for June 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-07-10T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-c4zw",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.unhcr",
    "note": "People who left Ukraine since 24 Feb per UNHCR operational data; includes third-country nationals.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "all",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Out of Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "exact",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2022-03-03"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 1002860
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.arab-news",
      "url": "https://www.arabnews.com/node/2035276/world",
      "origin": "UNHCR operational data and statement by Filippo Grandi, AFP report",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-03-03T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-cjg3",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "January to June 2026, per HRMMU",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-01-01",
      "to": "2026-06-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-06-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 7978
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/319320-civilian-casualties-soar-ukraine-first-half-2026-amid-escalating-attacks-and-intensifying",
      "origin": "HRMMU update on the first half of 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-14T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-ctrq",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "Miroshnik said at least 5,418 civilians were injured in 2025 by Ukrainian attacks. A party's count, not independently verified; likely includes Russian-occupied areas of Ukraine.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia as Russia's foreign ministry defines it (scope of regions not stated)",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-01-01",
      "to": "2025-12-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2025-12-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 5418
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.profile",
      "url": "https://profile.ru/news/politics/ne-menee-1065-mirnyh-zhitelej-rf-pogibli-za-god-iz-za-dejstvij-kieva-miroshnik-1815181/",
      "origin": "Russian foreign ministry ambassador-at-large Rodion Miroshnik briefing, carried by TASS",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-01-30T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "ru"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-d55t",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "April 2025; deadliest month since September 2024",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-04-01",
      "to": "2025-04-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-04-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 209
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/294036-april-deadliest-month-ukraine%E2%80%99s-civilians-september",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for April 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-05-08T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-ebb7",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "June 2026, per HRMMU",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-06-01",
      "to": "2026-06-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-06-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 1990
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/319320-civilian-casualties-soar-ukraine-first-half-2026-amid-escalating-attacks-and-intensifying",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for June 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-14T00:00:00Z",
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    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
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    "id": "to-20261027-eds8",
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    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ualosses",
    "note": "Ukrainian service members listed as missing in the UALosses database. A separate category from its named dead; not to be added to them.",
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     "measure": "missing",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
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      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-10-25"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 105788
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ualosses",
      "url": "https://ualosses.org/en/",
      "origin": "UALosses database headline counts",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-25T00:00:00Z",
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    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
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   {
    "id": "to-20261027-epgf",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.president-of-ukraine",
    "note": "Zelensky told Fox News about 50,000 Ukrainian soldiers had been killed, lower than the 55,000 he gave in February 2026, with a large number missing. Approximate and not independently verifiable.",
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     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
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     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-07-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 50000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.brussels-signal",
      "url": "https://brusselssignal.eu/2026/07/zelensky-puts-russian-war-dead-far-above-ukraines-and-lowers-kyivs-own-toll/",
      "origin": "Zelensky interview with Fox News",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-31T00:00:00Z",
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    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
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   {
    "id": "to-20261027-etnf",
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    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "Miroshnik said 435 people, including 14 minors, were injured in the week of 20 to 26 July 2026. A party's weekly count, not independently verified.",
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     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia, including Russian-occupied Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions of Ukraine",
     "period": {
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      "from": "2026-07-20",
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    },
    "value": {
     "best": 435
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.eurasian-news-ean",
      "url": "https://eanews.ru/mir/20260728171427/mid-rf-nazval-chislo-ubityh-i-ranenyh-mirnyh-rossiyan-pri-naletah-ukrainskih-bpla",
      "origin": "Rodion Miroshnik post on Max, 27 Jul 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-28T00:00:00Z",
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      "language": "ru"
     }
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    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-eym8",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.unhcr",
    "note": "UNHCR estimate: 3.7 million internally displaced plus 6.9 million refugees abroad",
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     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine and abroad",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2025-02-14"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 10600000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.united-nations-in-ukraine",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/289506-unhcr-after-three-years-war-ukrainians-need-peace-and-aid",
      "origin": "UNHCR statement, 14 Feb",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-02-14T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
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    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-fjh5",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "Miroshnik said on his Max channel that 57 people, including seven children, were killed by Ukrainian attacks in the week of 20 to 26 July 2026, naming the self-proclaimed DNR and LNR, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions among the most affected. A party's weekly count, not independently verified.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia, including Russian-occupied Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions of Ukraine",
     "period": {
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      "from": "2026-07-20",
      "to": "2026-07-26"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-07-26"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 57
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.eurasian-news-ean",
      "url": "https://eanews.ru/mir/20260728171427/mid-rf-nazval-chislo-ubityh-i-ranenyh-mirnyh-rossiyan-pri-naletah-ukrainskih-bpla",
      "origin": "Rodion Miroshnik post on Max, 27 Jul 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-28T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "ru"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-g1hz",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.unhcr",
    "note": "People who fled across Ukraine's borders per UNHCR, given as more than 5.7 million; counts crossings, not unique refugees.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "all",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Out of Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2022-05-05"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 5700000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.un-news",
      "url": "https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/05/1117632",
      "origin": "UNHCR figures cited by UN News",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-05-05T00:00:00Z",
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    "record_state": "active",
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    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-934c"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-g50h",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "Miroshnik said on Telegram that 72 civilians, including one child, were killed in Russia by Ukrainian strikes in February 2026; he named Belgorod, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions as the hardest hit, plus 26 other regions. A party's count, not independently verified.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia, including Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions of Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-02-01",
      "to": "2026-02-28"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
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     "as_of": "2026-02-28"
    },
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     "best": 72
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.profile",
      "url": "https://profile.ru/news/politics/72-mirnyh-zhitelya-rossii-pogibli-za-mesyac-iz-za-dejstvij-kieva-miroshnik-1831094/",
      "origin": "Rodion Miroshnik Telegram post, March 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-03-06T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "ru"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-g8gq",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "Rodion Miroshnik, the Russian foreign ministry's ambassador-at-large, said at a briefing that at least 1,065 civilians of the Russian Federation were killed in 2025 by Ukrainian attacks. A party's count of its own side, not independently verified. Russia's own definition of its territory includes the four Ukrainian regions it claims to have annexed, so this figure likely covers occupied areas, unlike the 253 killed in the Russian Federation that HRMMU compiled from Russian statements for 2025.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia as Russia's foreign ministry defines it (scope of regions not stated)",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-01-01",
      "to": "2025-12-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2025-12-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 1065
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.profile",
      "url": "https://profile.ru/news/politics/ne-menee-1065-mirnyh-zhitelej-rf-pogibli-za-god-iz-za-dejstvij-kieva-miroshnik-1815181/",
      "origin": "Russian foreign ministry ambassador-at-large Rodion Miroshnik briefing, carried by TASS",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-01-30T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "ru"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-g9p1",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "Civilians injured in Ukraine in September 2026. Includes 44 injured in territory occupied by the Russian Federation.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-09-01",
      "to": "2026-09-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
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     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
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    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2026-10/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28September%202026%29_ENG.pdf",
      "origin": "HRMMU September 2026 update",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     },
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/Protection-of-Civilians-in-Armed-Conflict-September-2026",
      "origin": "HRMMU September 2026 update web summary",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
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    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-gdtv",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "January 2025",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-01-01",
      "to": "2025-01-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-01-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 738
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/289062-ukraine-short-range-drones-become-most-dangerous-weapon-civilians-un-human-rights-monitors",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly protection of civilians update, January 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-02-11T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-ggvz",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "Civilians killed in Ukraine in August 2026 as shown in the monthly table of HRMMU's September 2026 update (figures may be revised upward as cases are corroborated).",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-08-01",
      "to": "2026-08-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
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    },
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     "best": 389
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2026-10/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28September%202026%29_ENG.pdf",
      "origin": "HRMMU September 2026 update, page 4 monthly table",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-gvr0",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "May 2026, per HRMMU as cited by the Kyiv Independent",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-05-01",
      "to": "2026-05-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
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    },
    "value": {
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    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.kyiv-independent",
      "url": "https://kyivindependent.com/10-killed-64-injured-in-russian-attacks-across-ukraine-as-sumy-equestrian-school-comes-under-fire/",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for May 2026, 12 Jun",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-06-17T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-gz3z",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "full year 2025; 31 percent above 2024 for killed and injured combined, per HRMMU",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-01-01",
      "to": "2025-12-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
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    },
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     "best": 12142
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/308241-2025-deadliest-year-civilians-ukraine-2022-un-human-rights-monitors-find",
      "origin": "HRMMU annual civilian harm update for 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-01-12T00:00:00Z",
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      "language": "en"
     }
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    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-h1kj",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "May 2026, the deadliest month since April 2022, per HRMMU report of 12 June as cited by the Kyiv Independent",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-05-01",
      "to": "2026-05-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
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     "as_of": "2026-05-31"
    },
    "value": {
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    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.kyiv-independent",
      "url": "https://kyivindependent.com/10-killed-64-injured-in-russian-attacks-across-ukraine-as-sumy-equestrian-school-comes-under-fire/",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for May 2026, 12 Jun",
      "role": "count",
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      "language": "en"
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    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-h7vj",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "civilians reported killed by Ukrainian attacks in 2025 per Russian authorities, as relayed by HRMMU, which could not verify the figure",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia and Russian-occupied Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-01-01",
      "to": "2025-12-31"
     },
     "bound": "exact",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2025-12-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 253
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/308241-2025-deadliest-year-civilians-ukraine-2022-un-human-rights-monitors-find",
      "origin": "Russian authorities' figures relayed in the HRMMU annual update for 2025",
      "role": "claim_origin",
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      "language": "en"
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    "record_state": "active",
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    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-hf5d",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.mediazona",
    "note": "Russian military personnel killed in the war whose deaths Mediazona and BBC News Russian confirmed by name from public sources (obituaries, relatives' posts, local officials). A floor; the outlets say actual deaths are significantly higher. Includes 7,920 officers and other security-agency personnel (Mediazona).",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia and Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-10-23"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 282993
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.kyiv-independent",
      "url": "https://kyivindependent.com/almost-283-000-russian-soldiers-killed-in-ukraine-identified-by-media-investigation-2/",
      "origin": "Mediazona and BBC News Russian named list",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-25T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     },
     {
      "source": "src.mediazona",
      "url": "https://en.zona.media/article/2026/05/09/losses",
      "origin": "Mediazona site teaser: 283,000 deaths confirmed by October 23",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-05-09T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-4f6s"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-j4yt",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "Civilians killed in this period as verified by OHCHR by 3 July 2022, from the monthly breakdown in the 4 July update. Later updates may revise it.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2022-06-01",
      "to": "2022-06-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2022-07-03"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 361
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://www.ohchr.org/en/updates/2022/07/ukraine-civilian-casualty-update-4-july-2022",
      "origin": "OHCHR civilian casualty update, period 24 Feb to midnight on 3 Jul 2022",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-07-04T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-j6s4",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "per Russian authorities as relayed by HRMMU, unverified",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia and Russian-occupied Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-01-01",
      "to": "2025-12-31"
     },
     "bound": "exact",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2025-12-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 1872
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/308241-2025-deadliest-year-civilians-ukraine-2022-un-human-rights-monitors-find",
      "origin": "Russian authorities' figures relayed in the HRMMU annual update for 2025",
      "role": "claim_origin",
      "published_at": "2026-01-12T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-jg75",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU verified civilians killed in Ukraine from January to September 2026. September 2026 alone: at least 328 killed.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-01-01",
      "to": "2026-09-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 2570
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/Protection-of-Civilians-in-Armed-Conflict-September-2026",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update, September 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     },
     {
      "source": "src.ukrainska-pravda",
      "url": "https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2026/10/16/8058373/",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update, September 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-16T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-kaba",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "across 12 oblasts; individual verification pending",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2023-12-29",
      "to": "2024-01-03"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2024-01-03"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 421
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/257062-civilian-casualties-across-ukraine-29-december",
      "origin": "UN HRMMU update",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2024-01-03T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-kbvw",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "April 2025",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-04-01",
      "to": "2025-04-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-04-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 1146
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/294036-april-deadliest-month-ukraine%E2%80%99s-civilians-september",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for April 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-05-08T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-m6gs",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "Civilians killed in Ukraine in July 2026 as shown in the monthly table of HRMMU's September 2026 update.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-07-01",
      "to": "2026-07-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 448
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2026-10/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28September%202026%29_ENG.pdf",
      "origin": "HRMMU September 2026 update, page 4 monthly table",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-mfrp",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.president-of-ukraine",
    "note": "Zelensky's figure of about 400,000 Ukrainian soldiers wounded, Fox News interview.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-07-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 400000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.brussels-signal",
      "url": "https://brusselssignal.eu/2026/07/zelensky-puts-russian-war-dead-far-above-ukraines-and-lowers-kyivs-own-toll/",
      "origin": "Zelensky interview with Fox News",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-31T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-vsqh"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-mkww",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "July 2025, per HRMMU",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-07-01",
      "to": "2025-07-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-07-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 1388
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/299761-number-civilians-killed-and-injured-ukraine-reaches-three-year-monthly-high-july-2025-un",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly civilian harm update for July 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-08-13T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-mmt1",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.mediazona",
    "note": "Male Russian citizens aged 18 to 59 killed from the start of the full-scale invasion to the end of 2025: about 261,000 'regular' deaths and about 90,000 'late' deaths (declared by court or registered 180 or more days late), the late part being the most uncertain. Wider age band and method than earlier estimates, so not directly comparable. Published 9 May 2026.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "modelled",
     "as_of": "2025-12-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 352000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.mediazona",
      "url": "https://en.zona.media/article/2026/05/09/losses",
      "origin": "Mediazona and Meduza probate registry estimate",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-05-09T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-r11c"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-my70",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU verified civilians injured in Ukraine from January to September 2026. September 2026 alone: at least 2,105 injured.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-01-01",
      "to": "2026-09-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 15211
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/Protection-of-Civilians-in-Armed-Conflict-September-2026",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update, September 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-n3kv",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU verified civilian casualties in Ukraine since 24 February 2022; a verified minimum, the mission says actual figures are considerably higher. Scope: all of Ukraine, including Russian-occupied territory where verifiable. Includes 803 children. Cumulative figure in the press release on the June 2026 update (14 July 2026).",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-06-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 16431
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/node/319320",
      "origin": "HRMMU press release on the first half of 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-14T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-e03g"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-n4hc",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "Civilians killed in this period as verified by OHCHR by 3 July 2022, from the monthly breakdown in the 4 July update. Later updates may revise it.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2022-04-01",
      "to": "2022-04-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2022-07-03"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 660
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://www.ohchr.org/en/updates/2022/07/ukraine-civilian-casualty-update-4-july-2022",
      "origin": "OHCHR civilian casualty update, period 24 Feb to midnight on 3 Jul 2022",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-07-04T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-njh3",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.unhcr",
    "note": "Some 5.9 million registered refugees from Ukraine worldwide by December 2025, per UNHCR's Europe update to its Standing Committee (March 2026). UNHCR gives 9.6 million displaced in all, a figure that includes internally displaced people and is not recorded here as a sum.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Global",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2025-12-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 5900000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.unhcr",
      "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/system/files/protected-files/2026-03/europe-95-sc-e.pdf",
      "origin": "UNHCR Europe regional update to the Standing Committee, March 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-03-01T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-nr64",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "January 2026; 54 killed by long-range missiles and drones, 97 near the front line, per HRMMU",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-01-01",
      "to": "2026-01-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-01-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 161
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/310140-energy-attacks-amid-unusually-harsh-winter-are-exposing-ukraine%E2%80%99s-civilians-extreme-hardship",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly civilian harm update for January 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-02-13T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-p696",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "February 2025",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-02-01",
      "to": "2025-02-28"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-02-28"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 129
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/292381-stark-increase-civilian-casualties-march-un-human-rights-monitors-say",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for March 2025, giving February figures",
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      "published_at": "2025-04-09T00:00:00Z",
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    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
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    "id": "to-20261027-p7ee",
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    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "June 2025; highest monthly toll in three years",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-06-01",
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     },
     "bound": "at_least",
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     "as_of": "2025-06-30"
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    "value": {
     "best": 232
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/297777-civilian-casualties-ukraine-reach-three-year-high-june-un-human-rights-monitors-say",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for June 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-07-10T00:00:00Z",
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    "id": "to-20261027-pa40",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU verified civilian casualties in Ukraine since 24 February 2022; a verified minimum, the mission says actual figures are considerably higher. Scope: all of Ukraine, including Russian-occupied territory where verifiable. Includes 2,960 children.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
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     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
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    },
    "value": {
     "best": 48613
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/node/319320",
      "origin": "HRMMU press release on the first half of 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-14T00:00:00Z",
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    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
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   {
    "id": "to-20261027-q1nb",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "August to November 2023; 86 percent in government-controlled territory",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2023-08-01",
      "to": "2023-11-30"
     },
     "bound": "exact",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2023-11-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 576
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/255596-ukraine-faces-second-winter-war-un-warns-long-conflict",
      "origin": "OHCHR periodic report, 12 Dec",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2023-12-12T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
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    ],
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    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-qm6p",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "January 2026, per HRMMU",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-01-01",
      "to": "2026-01-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-01-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 757
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/310140-energy-attacks-amid-unusually-harsh-winter-are-exposing-ukraine%E2%80%99s-civilians-extreme-hardship",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly civilian harm update for January 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-02-13T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
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    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-r4bm",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.unhcr",
    "note": "5.762 million refugees from Ukraine recorded globally excluding Russia, as of 30 April 2026: UNHCR data as relayed by Ukraine's Ministry of Economy and Environment monthly monitoring. Not taken directly from a UNHCR publication.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Global, excluding Russia",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-04-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 5762000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.interfax-ukraine",
      "url": "https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/1186730.html",
      "origin": "Ukraine Ministry of Economy and Environment monitoring, citing UNHCR data",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-21T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-s18b",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "February 2025",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-02-01",
      "to": "2025-02-28"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-02-28"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 588
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/292381-stark-increase-civilian-casualties-march-un-human-rights-monitors-say",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for March 2025, giving February figures",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-04-09T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
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    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-s99r",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.office-of-the-prosecutor-general-of-ukraine",
    "note": "CHILDREN ONLY (under 18). Children injured per the Office of the Prosecutor General; the portal says the exact number cannot be established.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "subgroup": "children",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-10-27"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 2987
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.children-of-war-government-of-ukraine",
      "url": "https://childrenofwar.gov.ua/en/",
      "origin": "Office of the Prosecutor General count on the Children of War portal",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-27T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-snft",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "more than 560 children",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "subgroup": "children",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2023-11-21"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 560
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/253322-civilian-deaths-ukraine-war-top-10000-un-says",
      "origin": "UN HRMMU count",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2023-11-21T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-sr4m",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "Civilians injured in Ukraine in August 2026 as shown in the monthly table of HRMMU's September 2026 update.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-08-01",
      "to": "2026-08-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 2366
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2026-10/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28September%202026%29_ENG.pdf",
      "origin": "HRMMU September 2026 update, page 4 monthly table",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
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    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-st2r",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "Reported by Russian authorities, compiled but not verified by HRMMU. Russian territory only.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russian Federation",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-01-01",
      "to": "2026-06-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-06-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 1596
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/node/319320",
      "origin": "Russian authorities' public statements, compiled by HRMMU",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-14T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-v7bn",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "October 2025, per HRMMU",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-10-01",
      "to": "2025-10-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-10-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 929
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/305168-ukraine-faces-intensified-attacks-energy-infrastructure-amid-continued-high-civilian",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly civilian harm update for October 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-11-12T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
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    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
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   {
    "id": "to-20261027-w925",
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    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "1 December 2025 to 31 May 2026, per HRMMU periodic report",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-12-01",
      "to": "2026-05-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-05-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 6871
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/318395-un-report-details-increase-civilian-deaths-amid-systematic-strikes-energy-facilities",
      "origin": "HRMMU periodic report, 1 Dec 2025 to 31 May 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-06-29T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
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    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
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    "id": "to-20261027-wnsy",
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    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ocha",
    "note": "11 of them in the line of duty; 34 injured, per the UN Humanitarian Coordinator",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "subgroup": "aid_workers",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
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      "from": "2023-01-01",
      "to": "2023-12-08"
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     "as_of": "2023-12-08"
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     "best": 15
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      "source": "src.un-ukraine",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/255229-civilians-and-humanitarian-personnel-ukraine-are-not-target",
      "origin": "UN Humanitarian Coordinator Denise Brown statement",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2023-12-08T00:00:00Z",
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      "language": "en"
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    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU's own cumulative figure in its September 2026 update: civilians injured in Ukraine since 24 February 2022, verified minimum. Of those injured, HRMMU lists 1,738 boys, 1,350 girls and 285 children of unknown sex. Total verified civilian casualties 73,451 (HRMMU's own sum).",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
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     {
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      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2026-10/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28September%202026%29_ENG.pdf",
      "origin": "HRMMU September 2026 update, page 4: civilian casualties since 24 February 2022",
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    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "Civilians killed in Ukraine in September 2026, the highest September since the full-scale invasion per HRMMU. Includes 18 killed in territory occupied by the Russian Federation.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
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      "origin": "HRMMU September 2026 update",
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      "language": "en"
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      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
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      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
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    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "1 December 2025 to 31 May 2026, per HRMMU periodic report",
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     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-12-01",
      "to": "2026-05-31"
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    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/318395-un-report-details-increase-civilian-deaths-amid-systematic-strikes-energy-facilities",
      "origin": "HRMMU periodic report, 1 Dec 2025 to 31 May 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-06-29T00:00:00Z",
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      "language": "en"
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    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-xj4a",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.office-of-the-prosecutor-general-of-ukraine",
    "note": "CHILDREN ONLY (under 18). Children killed since 24 February 2022 per Ukraine's Office of the Prosecutor General, shown on the government 'Children of War' portal. A party's count. Lower than HRMMU's verified child deaths (803 to end of June 2026), so the two use different methods.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "subgroup": "children",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-10-27"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 765
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.children-of-war-government-of-ukraine",
      "url": "https://childrenofwar.gov.ua/en/",
      "origin": "Office of the Prosecutor General count on the Children of War portal",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-27T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-y5dp",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "Civilians killed in this period as verified by OHCHR by 3 July 2022, from the monthly breakdown in the 4 July update. Later updates may revise it.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2022-03-01",
      "to": "2022-03-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2022-07-03"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 3028
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://www.ohchr.org/en/updates/2022/07/ukraine-civilian-casualty-update-4-july-2022",
      "origin": "OHCHR civilian casualty update, period 24 Feb to midnight on 3 Jul 2022",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-07-04T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-yfvf",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.iom",
    "note": "Internally displaced people, IOM general population survey round 5 (17 to 23 May); a fall of nearly 900,000 since 3 May as some returned.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "all",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Inside Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "modelled",
     "as_of": "2022-05-23"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 7134000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.iom",
      "url": "https://dtm.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1461/files/reports/IOM_Gen%20Pop%20Report_R5_final%20ENG%20(1).pdf",
      "origin": "IOM general population survey round 5",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-05-31T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-ycqy"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-yh4r",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.unhcr",
    "note": "More than 2.13 million refugees from Ukraine living across the RRP countries as of September 2026, per the inter-agency RRP paper published by UNHCR in October 2026. A narrower scope than UNHCR's Europe and global totals; not comparable with them. Country notes in the same paper: Poland more than 868,000 with active temporary protection (September 2026), Moldova about 145,000 and Romania about 220,000 (August 2026).",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Regional Refugee Response Plan host countries (11, including Poland, Moldova, Romania, Czech Republic and Belarus)",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 2130000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.unhcr",
      "url": "https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/124663",
      "origin": "Regional Refugee Response for the Ukraine Situation, 2022-2026 paper (UNHCR, October 2026)",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-27T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-ywpg",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "October 2025, per HRMMU",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-10-01",
      "to": "2025-10-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-10-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 148
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/305168-ukraine-faces-intensified-attacks-energy-infrastructure-amid-continued-high-civilian",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly civilian harm update for October 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-11-12T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-zasy",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "March 2025",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-03-01",
      "to": "2025-03-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-03-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 910
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/292381-stark-increase-civilian-casualties-march-un-human-rights-monitors-say",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly protection of civilians update, March 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-04-09T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   }
  ],
  "history": [
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-076m",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "recorded across 12 oblasts including Russian-occupied Donetsk areas; individual verification pending",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2023-12-29",
      "to": "2024-01-03"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2024-01-03"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 90
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/257062-civilian-casualties-across-ukraine-29-december",
      "origin": "UN HRMMU update",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2024-01-03T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-0t77",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "At least 436 people injured in territory of Ukraine occupied by the Russian Federation in September 2026, according to Russian authorities' public statements, as compiled by HRMMU, which could not verify the vast majority.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russian-occupied territory of Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-09-01",
      "to": "2026-09-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 436
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2026-10/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28September%202026%29_ENG.pdf",
      "origin": "Russian authorities' public statements, compiled by HRMMU",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-0vcm",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.mediazona",
    "note": "Russian military personnel killed in the war whose deaths Mediazona and BBC News Russian confirmed by name from public sources (obituaries, relatives' posts, local officials). A floor; the outlets say actual deaths are significantly higher. Exact cut-off not stated; as_of is the report date.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia and Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2024-10-13"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 72899
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.kyiv-independent",
      "url": "https://kyivindependent.com/mediazona-confirms-identities-of-nearly-73-000-russian-soldiers-killed-in-ukraine/",
      "origin": "Mediazona and BBC News Russian named list",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2024-10-13T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-9gwz"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-0yeh",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "Miroshnik said 464 people, 18 of them minors, were injured in February 2026. A party's count, not independently verified.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia, including Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions of Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-02-01",
      "to": "2026-02-28"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-02-28"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 464
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.profile",
      "url": "https://profile.ru/news/politics/72-mirnyh-zhitelya-rossii-pogibli-za-mesyac-iz-za-dejstvij-kieva-miroshnik-1831094/",
      "origin": "Rodion Miroshnik Telegram post, March 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-03-06T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "ru"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-139e",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "June 2025",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-06-01",
      "to": "2025-06-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-06-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 1343
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/297777-civilian-casualties-ukraine-reach-three-year-high-june-un-human-rights-monitors-say",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for June 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-07-10T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-1j9e",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.iom",
    "note": "Internally displaced people, IOM general population survey round 2 (fieldwork 24 Mar to 1 Apr).",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "all",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Inside Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "modelled",
     "as_of": "2022-04-01"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 7100000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.iom",
      "url": "https://www.iom.int/news/71-million-people-displaced-war-ukraine-iom-survey",
      "origin": "IOM general population survey round 2",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-04-05T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-1n96",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU verified civilian casualties in Ukraine since 24 February 2022; a verified minimum, the mission says actual figures are considerably higher. Scope: all of Ukraine, including Russian-occupied territory where verifiable.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2022-09-04"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 8199
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ocha-reliefweb-ohchr-update",
      "url": "https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/ukraine-civilian-casualties-2400-4-september-2022-enruuk",
      "origin": "OHCHR civilian casualty update as of 24:00 4 September 2022",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-09-05T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-1nwg",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "June 2026, highest monthly toll since April 2022, per HRMMU",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-06-01",
      "to": "2026-06-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-06-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 293
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/319320-civilian-casualties-soar-ukraine-first-half-2026-amid-escalating-attacks-and-intensifying",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for June 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-14T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-1v79",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.president-of-ukraine",
    "note": "Zelensky's figure for Ukrainian soldiers wounded; he said about half returned to combat.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2024-12-08"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 370000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.blue-news",
      "url": "https://www.bluewin.ch/it/attualita/mondo/zelensky-43-000-i-soldati-ucraini-uccisi-370-000-feriti-li.2478700",
      "origin": "Zelensky social media post, reported by AFP",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2024-12-08T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-1y35",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "Civilians injured in Ukraine in July 2026 as shown in the monthly table of HRMMU's September 2026 update.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-07-01",
      "to": "2026-07-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 2695
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2026-10/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28September%202026%29_ENG.pdf",
      "origin": "HRMMU September 2026 update, page 4 monthly table",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-1zpf",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU verified civilian casualties in Ukraine since 24 February 2022; a verified minimum, the mission says actual figures are considerably higher. Scope: all of Ukraine, including Russian-occupied territory where verifiable. Includes 2,285 children.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2025-08-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 36481
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/node/301284",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update press release, 10 September 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-09-10T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
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    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-gmj6"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-22p8",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "January to June 2026, 37% up on the same period of 2025, per HRMMU",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-01-01",
      "to": "2026-06-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-06-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 1396
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/319320-civilian-casualties-soar-ukraine-first-half-2026-amid-escalating-attacks-and-intensifying",
      "origin": "HRMMU update on the first half of 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-14T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-2825",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "January 2025; 27% of deaths from short-range drones",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-01-01",
      "to": "2025-01-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-01-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 139
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/289062-ukraine-short-range-drones-become-most-dangerous-weapon-civilians-un-human-rights-monitors",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly protection of civilians update, January 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-02-11T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-2hz4",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "Figures reported by Russian authorities for civilians killed on Russian territory in the first half of 2026, as compiled by HRMMU, which says it could not verify most of them. Not an HRMMU-verified count. Excludes Russian-occupied areas of Ukraine.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russian Federation",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-01-01",
      "to": "2026-06-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-06-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 250
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/node/319320",
      "origin": "Russian authorities' public statements, compiled by HRMMU",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-14T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-2r9x",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "July 2025; highest monthly figure since May 2022, per HRMMU",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-07-01",
      "to": "2025-07-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-07-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 286
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/299761-number-civilians-killed-and-injured-ukraine-reaches-three-year-monthly-high-july-2025-un",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly civilian harm update for July 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-08-13T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-3e6m",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "At least 462 injured in the Russian Federation in September 2026 according to Russian authorities, compiled but not verified by HRMMU.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russian Federation",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-09-01",
      "to": "2026-09-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 462
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/Protection-of-Civilians-in-Armed-Conflict-September-2026",
      "origin": "Russian authorities' public statements, compiled by HRMMU",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-3x4a",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ualosses",
    "note": "Named dead in the UALosses database; site shows the range 24.02.22 to 25.10.26. Independent reviewers note that 2026 deaths are thinly covered and the current verification process is not documented.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-10-25"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 115952
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ualosses",
      "url": "https://ualosses.org/en/",
      "origin": "UALosses database headline counts",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-25T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-v7xe"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-3xfc",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU verified civilian casualties in Ukraine since 24 February 2022; a verified minimum, the mission says actual figures are considerably higher. Scope: all of Ukraine, including Russian-occupied territory where verifiable. Figure from the HRMMU two-year update, cited by the UN High Commissioner on 22 February 2024; the cut-off of 15 February 2024 is from OHCHR's dataset as reported, not stated in the RFE/RL text.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2024-02-15"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 10582
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.radio-free-europe-radio-liberty",
      "url": "https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-russia-un-war-civilians-cost/32830924.html",
      "origin": "HRMMU two-year update cited by UN High Commissioner Volker Turk",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2024-02-22T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-9xs0"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-480z",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ualosses",
    "note": "Ukrainian service members listed as prisoners in the UALosses database (it separately lists 7,205 released from captivity). Not an official figure.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "detained",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine and Russia",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-10-25"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 12833
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ualosses",
      "url": "https://ualosses.org/en/",
      "origin": "UALosses database headline counts",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-25T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-482p",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "Civilians killed in this period as verified by OHCHR by 3 July 2022, from the monthly breakdown in the 4 July update. Later updates may revise it.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2022-05-01",
      "to": "2022-05-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2022-07-03"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 453
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://www.ohchr.org/en/updates/2022/07/ukraine-civilian-casualty-update-4-july-2022",
      "origin": "OHCHR civilian casualty update, period 24 Feb to midnight on 3 Jul 2022",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-07-04T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-4f6s",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.mediazona",
    "note": "Russian military personnel killed in the war whose deaths Mediazona and BBC News Russian confirmed by name from public sources (obituaries, relatives' posts, local officials). A floor; the outlets say actual deaths are significantly higher.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia and Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-09-21"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 258989
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.kyiv-independent",
      "url": "https://kyivindependent.com/over-258-000-russian-soldiers-killed-in-ukraine-identified-by-media-investigation/",
      "origin": "Mediazona and BBC News Russian named list",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-09-28T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-grv1"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-4qh0",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU verified civilian casualties in Ukraine since 24 February 2022; a verified minimum, the mission says actual figures are considerably higher. Scope: all of Ukraine, including Russian-occupied territory where verifiable. Released 21 February 2025 for the three-year mark; the outlet does not state the cut-off, so as_of is the release date.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2025-02-21"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 12654
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.frontnews",
      "url": "https://www.frontnews.ge/en/news/over-12-654-civilians-killed-in-ukraine-since-russia-s-full-scale-invasion",
      "origin": "HRMMU three-year figures released 21 February 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-02-21T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-3xfc"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-4y65",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "March 2025",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-03-01",
      "to": "2025-03-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-03-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 164
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/292381-stark-increase-civilian-casualties-march-un-human-rights-monitors-say",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly protection of civilians update, March 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-04-09T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-5fyy",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU verified civilians killed in Ukraine in calendar 2025, as reported in January 2026 (12,142 injured). The four-year fact sheet later gives 2,526 killed and 12,162 injured for 2025; the difference reflects later verification.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-01-01",
      "to": "2025-12-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2025-12-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 2514
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ukrinform",
      "url": "https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/4079821-un-2025-deadliest-year-for-civilians-in-ukraine-since-2022.html",
      "origin": "HRMMU annual figures for 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-01-14T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-5hg7",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU said over 9,500 killed; true toll likely higher",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2023-09-08"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 9500
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/245132-un-human-rights-official-denounces-attack-eastern-ukraine",
      "origin": "UN HRMMU count",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2023-09-08T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-r5ae"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-5qs9",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "At least 53 killed in the Russian Federation in September 2026 according to Russian authorities' statements on individual incidents, compiled by HRMMU, which could not verify most of them.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russian Federation",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-09-01",
      "to": "2026-09-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 53
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/Protection-of-Civilians-in-Armed-Conflict-September-2026",
      "origin": "Russian authorities' public statements, compiled by HRMMU",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-5stv",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "OHCHR individually verified count; OHCHR says actual figures are considerably higher. Covers all of Ukraine including areas under Russian control.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2022-03-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 1981
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://www.ohchr.org/en/updates/2022/04/ukraine-civilian-casualty-update-1-april-2022",
      "origin": "OHCHR civilian casualty update, period to midnight on 31 Mar 2022",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-04-01T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-fnv2"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-6g44",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "Civilians killed in this period as verified by OHCHR by 3 July 2022, from the monthly breakdown in the 4 July update. Later updates may revise it.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2022-02-24",
      "to": "2022-02-28"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2022-07-03"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 336
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://www.ohchr.org/en/updates/2022/07/ukraine-civilian-casualty-update-4-july-2022",
      "origin": "OHCHR civilian casualty update, period 24 Feb to midnight on 3 Jul 2022",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-07-04T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-6k1n",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU's own cumulative figure in its September 2026 update: civilians killed in Ukraine since 24 February 2022 whose deaths met the mission's 'reasonable grounds to believe' standard. A verified minimum; HRMMU says the actual toll is likely considerably higher, especially in Mariupol, Lysychansk, Popasna and Sievierodonetsk. Includes territory occupied by the Russian Federation where verifiable. Of those killed, HRMMU lists 462 boys, 361 girls and 27 children of unknown sex. Replaces the secondary 17,600 point (hrmmu-killed-2026-09-30) in toll-ru-ua.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 17605
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2026-10/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28September%202026%29_ENG.pdf",
      "origin": "HRMMU September 2026 update, page 4: civilian casualties since 24 February 2022",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-sq1h"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-6xn6",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.unhcr",
    "note": "5.213 million refugees from Ukraine recorded in Europe as of 30 April 2026 (0.549 million outside Europe): UNHCR data relayed by Ukraine's Ministry of Economy and Environment.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Europe",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-04-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 5213000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.interfax-ukraine",
      "url": "https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/1186730.html",
      "origin": "Ukraine Ministry of Economy and Environment monitoring, citing UNHCR data",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-21T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-y77g"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-73db",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.mediazona",
    "note": "Headline of the Mediazona and Meduza probate registry estimate published 24 February 2024 ('At least 75,000 dead Russian soldiers'), as listed by Meduza; as_of is the publication date because the cut-off was not confirmed.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "modelled",
     "as_of": "2024-02-24"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 75000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.meduza",
      "url": "https://meduza.io/en/feature/2025/08/29/the-deadliest-year-yet",
      "origin": "Meduza list of earlier Mediazona and Meduza estimates",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-08-29T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-7zsf",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "children killed in April 2025",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "subgroup": "children",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-04-01",
      "to": "2025-04-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-04-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 19
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/294036-april-deadliest-month-ukraine%E2%80%99s-civilians-september",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for April 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-05-08T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-81f6",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.mediazona",
    "note": "Mediazona and Meduza estimate of excess deaths of Russian men aged 15 to 49 from the National Probate Registry, 95% interval 40,000 to 55,000, to 27 May 2023. Excludes forces of the Russian-installed authorities in Donetsk and Luhansk.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "modelled",
     "as_of": "2023-05-27"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 47000,
     "low": 40000,
     "high": 55000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.mediazona",
      "url": "https://en.zona.media/article/2023/07/10/stats-trl",
      "origin": "Mediazona and Meduza probate registry estimate",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2023-07-10T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-84xn",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.iom",
    "note": "internally displaced persons, from an IOM survey run July to October 2025; excludes Crimea and occupied areas",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine, government-controlled areas (internally displaced)",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "modelled",
     "as_of": "2025-10-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 3700000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.un-ukraine",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/305179-over-million-displaced-ukrainians-forced-exhaust-their-savings-cover-rent",
      "origin": "IOM general population survey, July to October 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-11-12T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-8zj7",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "At least 87 people killed in territory of Ukraine occupied by the Russian Federation in September 2026, according to Russian authorities' public statements on individual incidents, as compiled by HRMMU, which could not verify the vast majority. Separate from the 53 killed in the Russian Federation (ru-auth-civ-killed-2026-09).",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russian-occupied territory of Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-09-01",
      "to": "2026-09-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 87
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2026-10/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28September%202026%29_ENG.pdf",
      "origin": "Russian authorities' public statements, compiled by HRMMU",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-934c",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.unhcr",
    "note": "Refugees who fled Ukraine as of 19 April per UNHCR; given as over 5 million.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "all",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Out of Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2022-04-19"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 5000000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.unhcr",
      "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/2022-10/Ukraine%20Revised%20SA%202022.pdf",
      "origin": "UNHCR revised supplementary appeal for the Ukraine situation",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-04-25T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-93wc",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.iom",
    "note": "IOM said nearly 3.6 million people remain internally displaced across Ukraine and about 3.8 million have returned since February 2022. The release does not give the reference date; it likely reflects General Population Survey Round 25 (fieldwork 24 June to 26 August 2026), so as_of is the release date.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine (internally displaced)",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "modelled",
     "as_of": "2026-10-16"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 3600000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.iom",
      "url": "https://ukraine.iom.int/news/damaged-homes-and-energy-attacks-risk-displacing-ukrainians-again-winter-iom-warns",
      "origin": "IOM Ukraine displacement estimate, October 2026 release",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-16T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-e2t2"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-9gwz",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.mediazona",
    "note": "Russian military personnel killed in the war whose deaths Mediazona and BBC News Russian confirmed by name from public sources (obituaries, relatives' posts, local officials). A floor; the outlets say actual deaths are significantly higher. Exact cut-off not stated; as_of is the report date (3,047 names added since the late-February update).",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia and Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2024-03-18"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 47701
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.kyiv-independent",
      "url": "https://kyivindependent.com/mediazona-confirms-identities-of-over-47-700-russian-soldiers-killed-in-ukraine/",
      "origin": "Mediazona and BBC News Russian named list",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2024-03-18T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-9ma4",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.president-of-ukraine",
    "note": "Zelensky told France 2 that about 55,000 Ukrainian soldiers had been killed on the battlefield, career and mobilised, with many missing.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-02-05"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 55000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.blue-news",
      "url": "https://www.bluewin.ch/en/news/international/zelensky-speaks-of-55000-ukrainian-soldiers-killed-3082293.html",
      "origin": "Zelensky interview with France 2",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-02-05T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     },
     {
      "source": "src.brussels-signal",
      "url": "https://brusselssignal.eu/2026/07/zelensky-puts-russian-war-dead-far-above-ukraines-and-lowers-kyivs-own-toll/",
      "origin": "Zelensky interview with France 2",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-31T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-ypec"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-9pb9",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "August to November 2023",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2023-08-01",
      "to": "2023-11-30"
     },
     "bound": "exact",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2023-11-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 1864
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/255596-ukraine-faces-second-winter-war-un-warns-long-conflict",
      "origin": "OHCHR periodic report, 12 Dec",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2023-12-12T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-9vwn",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "more than 18,500 injured",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2023-11-21"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 18500
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/253322-civilian-deaths-ukraine-war-top-10000-un-says",
      "origin": "UN HRMMU count",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2023-11-21T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-qxr0"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-9xs0",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU verified civilian casualties in Ukraine since 24 February 2022; a verified minimum, the mission says actual figures are considerably higher. Scope: all of Ukraine, including Russian-occupied territory where verifiable.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2023-08-27"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 9511
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/241554-ukraine-civilian-casualties-13-august-2023",
      "origin": "OHCHR update series, civilian casualties in Ukraine",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2023-08-14T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     },
     {
      "source": "src.yahoo-news",
      "url": "https://news.yahoo.com/un-records-9-511-civilian-075038359.html?fr=sycsrp_catchall",
      "origin": "OHCHR update as of 27 August 2023",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2023-08-28T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-mqg6"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-acxm",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.unhcr",
    "note": "Refugees from Ukraine recorded globally, UNHCR Ukraine Flash Update No 82. as_of is the update's date. UNHCR revised totals down in 2025 to reflect onward and return movements, so earlier higher figures are not directly comparable.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Global",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "exact",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2025-07-25"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 5643360
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.unhcr",
      "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/2025-07/20250725%20Ukraine%20Flash%20Update%20No%2082.pdf",
      "origin": "UNHCR Ukraine Flash Update No 82",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-07-25T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-ajjf",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "killed or injured, first half of 2025; 54% above the same period of 2024",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "casualties",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-01-01",
      "to": "2025-06-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-06-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 6754
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/297777-civilian-casualties-ukraine-reach-three-year-high-june-un-human-rights-monitors-say",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for June 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-07-10T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-c4zw",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.unhcr",
    "note": "People who left Ukraine since 24 Feb per UNHCR operational data; includes third-country nationals.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "all",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Out of Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "exact",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2022-03-03"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 1002860
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.arab-news",
      "url": "https://www.arabnews.com/node/2035276/world",
      "origin": "UNHCR operational data and statement by Filippo Grandi, AFP report",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-03-03T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-cjg3",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "January to June 2026, per HRMMU",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-01-01",
      "to": "2026-06-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-06-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 7978
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/319320-civilian-casualties-soar-ukraine-first-half-2026-amid-escalating-attacks-and-intensifying",
      "origin": "HRMMU update on the first half of 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-14T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-ctrq",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "Miroshnik said at least 5,418 civilians were injured in 2025 by Ukrainian attacks. A party's count, not independently verified; likely includes Russian-occupied areas of Ukraine.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia as Russia's foreign ministry defines it (scope of regions not stated)",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-01-01",
      "to": "2025-12-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2025-12-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 5418
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.profile",
      "url": "https://profile.ru/news/politics/ne-menee-1065-mirnyh-zhitelej-rf-pogibli-za-god-iz-za-dejstvij-kieva-miroshnik-1815181/",
      "origin": "Russian foreign ministry ambassador-at-large Rodion Miroshnik briefing, carried by TASS",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-01-30T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "ru"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-d55t",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "April 2025; deadliest month since September 2024",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-04-01",
      "to": "2025-04-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-04-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 209
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/294036-april-deadliest-month-ukraine%E2%80%99s-civilians-september",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for April 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-05-08T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-d8ad",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.president-of-ukraine",
    "note": "Zelensky's figure for Ukrainian soldiers killed, given at the 'Ukraine. Year 2024' forum. Excludes wounded and missing. A party's statement about its own losses.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2024-02-25"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 31000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.jerusalem-post",
      "url": "https://stgmobile.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-788786",
      "origin": "Zelensky press conference, 25 February 2024",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2024-02-25T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     },
     {
      "source": "src.meduza",
      "url": "https://meduza.io/en/feature/2024/02/29/dueling-claims-on-ukrainian-losses",
      "origin": "Zelensky press conference, 25 February 2024",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2024-02-29T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-dfte",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.mediazona",
    "note": "Russian military personnel killed in the war whose deaths Mediazona and BBC News Russian confirmed by name from public sources (obituaries, relatives' posts, local officials). A floor; the outlets say actual deaths are significantly higher. Exact cut-off not stated; as_of is the report date. Babel also reports an unexplained range of 371,080 to 528,148 total deaths attributed to the journalists and volunteers; not recorded here because its method and author are not stated.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia and Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-06-12"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 226055
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.babel",
      "url": "https://babel.ua/en/news/127704-russian-media-has-confirmed-the-names-of-over-226-000-russians-killed-in-the-war-their-total-number-could-reach-half-a-million",
      "origin": "Mediazona and BBC News Russian named list",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-06-12T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-prem"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-e03g",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU verified civilian casualties in Ukraine since 24 February 2022; a verified minimum, the mission says actual figures are considerably higher. Scope: all of Ukraine, including Russian-occupied territory where verifiable. Includes at least 766 children. From the HRMMU four-year fact sheet (16 February 2026), figures to the end of January 2026; the press release rounds to more than 15,000.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-01-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 15172
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/node/310529",
      "origin": "HRMMU four-year fact sheet, February 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-02-16T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     },
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/node/310297",
      "origin": "HRMMU four-year press release, 16 February 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-02-16T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-k9yc"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-e2t2",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.iom",
    "note": "IOM estimated 3.9 million people remained internally displaced in Ukraine as of June 2026, from its General Population Survey carried out 23 April to 30 June 2026 (Round 24, phone survey of about 40,000 respondents). About 2.15 million (56 per cent) came from areas fully or partly occupied; about 132,000 were newly displaced between January and June 2026.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine (internally displaced)",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "modelled",
     "as_of": "2026-06-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 3900000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.iom",
      "url": "https://ukraine.iom.int/news/39-million-people-displaced-ukraine-families-struggle-cope-iom-report-finds",
      "origin": "IOM General Population Survey Round 24",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-29T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     },
     {
      "source": "src.iom",
      "url": "https://dtm.iom.int/reports/ukraine-internal-displacement-report-general-population-survey-round-24-july-2026",
      "origin": "IOM General Population Survey Round 24",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-21T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en",
      "excerpt": "Report page; the national estimate is in the PDF, which could not be opened."
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-ms6y"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-e34t",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "OHCHR individually verified count; OHCHR says actual figures are considerably higher. Covers all of Ukraine including areas under Russian control. Nearest published point after the slice end of 30 June.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2022-07-03"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 6263
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://www.ohchr.org/en/updates/2022/07/ukraine-civilian-casualty-update-4-july-2022",
      "origin": "OHCHR civilian casualty update, period 24 Feb to midnight on 3 Jul 2022",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-07-04T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-5stv"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-ebb7",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "June 2026, per HRMMU",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-06-01",
      "to": "2026-06-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-06-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 1990
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/319320-civilian-casualties-soar-ukraine-first-half-2026-amid-escalating-attacks-and-intensifying",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for June 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-14T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-eds8",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ualosses",
    "note": "Ukrainian service members listed as missing in the UALosses database. A separate category from its named dead; not to be added to them.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "missing",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-10-25"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 105788
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ualosses",
      "url": "https://ualosses.org/en/",
      "origin": "UALosses database headline counts",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-25T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-emgt",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.mediazona",
    "note": "Russian military personnel killed in the war whose deaths Mediazona and BBC News Russian confirmed by name from public sources (obituaries, relatives' posts, local officials). A floor; the outlets say actual deaths are significantly higher.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia and Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-06-06"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 111387
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.kyiv-independent",
      "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/over-111-000-russian-soldiers-033947395.html",
      "origin": "Mediazona and BBC News Russian named list",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-06-13T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-h04h"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-epgf",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.president-of-ukraine",
    "note": "Zelensky told Fox News about 50,000 Ukrainian soldiers had been killed, lower than the 55,000 he gave in February 2026, with a large number missing. Approximate and not independently verifiable.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-07-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 50000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.brussels-signal",
      "url": "https://brusselssignal.eu/2026/07/zelensky-puts-russian-war-dead-far-above-ukraines-and-lowers-kyivs-own-toll/",
      "origin": "Zelensky interview with Fox News",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-31T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-9ma4"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-etnf",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "Miroshnik said 435 people, including 14 minors, were injured in the week of 20 to 26 July 2026. A party's weekly count, not independently verified.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia, including Russian-occupied Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions of Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-07-20",
      "to": "2026-07-26"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-07-26"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 435
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.eurasian-news-ean",
      "url": "https://eanews.ru/mir/20260728171427/mid-rf-nazval-chislo-ubityh-i-ranenyh-mirnyh-rossiyan-pri-naletah-ukrainskih-bpla",
      "origin": "Rodion Miroshnik post on Max, 27 Jul 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-28T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "ru"
     }
    ],
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    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-eym8",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.unhcr",
    "note": "UNHCR estimate: 3.7 million internally displaced plus 6.9 million refugees abroad",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine and abroad",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2025-02-14"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 10600000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.united-nations-in-ukraine",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/289506-unhcr-after-three-years-war-ukrainians-need-peace-and-aid",
      "origin": "UNHCR statement, 14 Feb",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-02-14T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-fjh5",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "Miroshnik said on his Max channel that 57 people, including seven children, were killed by Ukrainian attacks in the week of 20 to 26 July 2026, naming the self-proclaimed DNR and LNR, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions among the most affected. A party's weekly count, not independently verified.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia, including Russian-occupied Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions of Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-07-20",
      "to": "2026-07-26"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-07-26"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 57
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.eurasian-news-ean",
      "url": "https://eanews.ru/mir/20260728171427/mid-rf-nazval-chislo-ubityh-i-ranenyh-mirnyh-rossiyan-pri-naletah-ukrainskih-bpla",
      "origin": "Rodion Miroshnik post on Max, 27 Jul 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-28T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "ru"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-fnv2",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "OHCHR individually verified count; OHCHR says actual figures are considerably higher. Covers all of Ukraine including areas under Russian control.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2022-03-29"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 1901
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ohchr.org/en/news/2022/03/ukraine-civilian-casualty-update-30-march-2022",
      "origin": "OHCHR civilian casualty update, period to 24:00 on 29 Mar 2022",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-03-30T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-fx8e",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU verified civilian casualties in Ukraine since 24 February 2022; a verified minimum, the mission says actual figures are considerably higher. Scope: all of Ukraine, including Russian-occupied territory where verifiable.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2023-02-15"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 13287
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/219519-civilian-casualties-ukraine-24-february-2022-15-february-2023",
      "origin": "OHCHR update, civilian casualties 24 February 2022 to 15 February 2023",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2023-02-20T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-1n96"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-g1hz",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.unhcr",
    "note": "People who fled across Ukraine's borders per UNHCR, given as more than 5.7 million; counts crossings, not unique refugees.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "all",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Out of Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2022-05-05"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 5700000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.un-news",
      "url": "https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/05/1117632",
      "origin": "UNHCR figures cited by UN News",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-05-05T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-934c"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-g50h",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "Miroshnik said on Telegram that 72 civilians, including one child, were killed in Russia by Ukrainian strikes in February 2026; he named Belgorod, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions as the hardest hit, plus 26 other regions. A party's count, not independently verified.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia, including Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions of Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-02-01",
      "to": "2026-02-28"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-02-28"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 72
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.profile",
      "url": "https://profile.ru/news/politics/72-mirnyh-zhitelya-rossii-pogibli-za-mesyac-iz-za-dejstvij-kieva-miroshnik-1831094/",
      "origin": "Rodion Miroshnik Telegram post, March 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-03-06T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "ru"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-g8gq",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "Rodion Miroshnik, the Russian foreign ministry's ambassador-at-large, said at a briefing that at least 1,065 civilians of the Russian Federation were killed in 2025 by Ukrainian attacks. A party's count of its own side, not independently verified. Russia's own definition of its territory includes the four Ukrainian regions it claims to have annexed, so this figure likely covers occupied areas, unlike the 253 killed in the Russian Federation that HRMMU compiled from Russian statements for 2025.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia as Russia's foreign ministry defines it (scope of regions not stated)",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-01-01",
      "to": "2025-12-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2025-12-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 1065
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.profile",
      "url": "https://profile.ru/news/politics/ne-menee-1065-mirnyh-zhitelej-rf-pogibli-za-god-iz-za-dejstvij-kieva-miroshnik-1815181/",
      "origin": "Russian foreign ministry ambassador-at-large Rodion Miroshnik briefing, carried by TASS",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-01-30T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "ru"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-g9p1",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "Civilians injured in Ukraine in September 2026. Includes 44 injured in territory occupied by the Russian Federation.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-09-01",
      "to": "2026-09-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 2105
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2026-10/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28September%202026%29_ENG.pdf",
      "origin": "HRMMU September 2026 update",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     },
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/Protection-of-Civilians-in-Armed-Conflict-September-2026",
      "origin": "HRMMU September 2026 update web summary",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-gdtv",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "January 2025",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-01-01",
      "to": "2025-01-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-01-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 738
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/289062-ukraine-short-range-drones-become-most-dangerous-weapon-civilians-un-human-rights-monitors",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly protection of civilians update, January 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-02-11T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-ggvz",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "Civilians killed in Ukraine in August 2026 as shown in the monthly table of HRMMU's September 2026 update (figures may be revised upward as cases are corroborated).",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-08-01",
      "to": "2026-08-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 389
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2026-10/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28September%202026%29_ENG.pdf",
      "origin": "HRMMU September 2026 update, page 4 monthly table",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-gmj6",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU verified civilian casualties in Ukraine since 24 February 2022; a verified minimum, the mission says actual figures are considerably higher. Scope: all of Ukraine, including Russian-occupied territory where verifiable. Released 21 February 2025; cut-off not stated by the outlet.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2025-02-21"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 29392
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.frontnews",
      "url": "https://www.frontnews.ge/en/news/over-12-654-civilians-killed-in-ukraine-since-russia-s-full-scale-invasion",
      "origin": "HRMMU three-year figures released 21 February 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-02-21T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-v3vn"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-grv1",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.mediazona",
    "note": "Russian military personnel killed in the war whose deaths Mediazona and BBC News Russian confirmed by name from public sources (obituaries, relatives' posts, local officials). A floor; the outlets say actual deaths are significantly higher. Exact cut-off not stated; as_of is the report date.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia and Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-07-12"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 230624
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.kyiv-independent",
      "url": "https://kyivindependent.com/over-230-000-russian-soldiers-killed-in-ukraine-identified-by-media-investigation/",
      "origin": "Mediazona and BBC News Russian named list",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-12T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-dfte"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-gvr0",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "May 2026, per HRMMU as cited by the Kyiv Independent",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-05-01",
      "to": "2026-05-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-05-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 1763
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.kyiv-independent",
      "url": "https://kyivindependent.com/10-killed-64-injured-in-russian-attacks-across-ukraine-as-sumy-equestrian-school-comes-under-fire/",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for May 2026, 12 Jun",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-06-17T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-gz3z",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "full year 2025; 31 percent above 2024 for killed and injured combined, per HRMMU",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-01-01",
      "to": "2025-12-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-12-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 12142
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/308241-2025-deadliest-year-civilians-ukraine-2022-un-human-rights-monitors-find",
      "origin": "HRMMU annual civilian harm update for 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-01-12T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-h04h",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.mediazona",
    "note": "Russian military personnel killed in the war whose deaths Mediazona and BBC News Russian confirmed by name from public sources (obituaries, relatives' posts, local officials). A floor; the outlets say actual deaths are significantly higher. Exact cut-off not stated; as_of is the report date.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia and Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-02-18"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 93641
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.kyiv-independent",
      "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/media-investigation-identifies-over-93-045136964.html",
      "origin": "Mediazona and BBC News Russian named list",
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      "published_at": "2025-02-18T00:00:00Z",
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    ],
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    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-0vcm"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-h1kj",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "May 2026, the deadliest month since April 2022, per HRMMU report of 12 June as cited by the Kyiv Independent",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-05-01",
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     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-05-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 274
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.kyiv-independent",
      "url": "https://kyivindependent.com/10-killed-64-injured-in-russian-attacks-across-ukraine-as-sumy-equestrian-school-comes-under-fire/",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for May 2026, 12 Jun",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-06-17T00:00:00Z",
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    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-h7vj",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "civilians reported killed by Ukrainian attacks in 2025 per Russian authorities, as relayed by HRMMU, which could not verify the figure",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia and Russian-occupied Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-01-01",
      "to": "2025-12-31"
     },
     "bound": "exact",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2025-12-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 253
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/308241-2025-deadliest-year-civilians-ukraine-2022-un-human-rights-monitors-find",
      "origin": "Russian authorities' figures relayed in the HRMMU annual update for 2025",
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      "published_at": "2026-01-12T00:00:00Z",
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    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
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   {
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    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.mediazona",
    "note": "Russian military personnel killed in the war whose deaths Mediazona and BBC News Russian confirmed by name from public sources (obituaries, relatives' posts, local officials). A floor; the outlets say actual deaths are significantly higher. Includes 7,920 officers and other security-agency personnel (Mediazona).",
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     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia and Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-10-23"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 282993
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.kyiv-independent",
      "url": "https://kyivindependent.com/almost-283-000-russian-soldiers-killed-in-ukraine-identified-by-media-investigation-2/",
      "origin": "Mediazona and BBC News Russian named list",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-25T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     },
     {
      "source": "src.mediazona",
      "url": "https://en.zona.media/article/2026/05/09/losses",
      "origin": "Mediazona site teaser: 283,000 deaths confirmed by October 23",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-05-09T00:00:00Z",
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    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
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    "id": "to-20261027-j4yt",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "Civilians killed in this period as verified by OHCHR by 3 July 2022, from the monthly breakdown in the 4 July update. Later updates may revise it.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2022-06-01",
      "to": "2022-06-30"
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     "bound": "at_least",
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    },
    "value": {
     "best": 361
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://www.ohchr.org/en/updates/2022/07/ukraine-civilian-casualty-update-4-july-2022",
      "origin": "OHCHR civilian casualty update, period 24 Feb to midnight on 3 Jul 2022",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-07-04T00:00:00Z",
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    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
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   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-j6s4",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.russian-federation-authorities",
    "note": "per Russian authorities as relayed by HRMMU, unverified",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia and Russian-occupied Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-01-01",
      "to": "2025-12-31"
     },
     "bound": "exact",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
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    },
    "value": {
     "best": 1872
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/308241-2025-deadliest-year-civilians-ukraine-2022-un-human-rights-monitors-find",
      "origin": "Russian authorities' figures relayed in the HRMMU annual update for 2025",
      "role": "claim_origin",
      "published_at": "2026-01-12T00:00:00Z",
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    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-jg75",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU verified civilians killed in Ukraine from January to September 2026. September 2026 alone: at least 328 killed.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-01-01",
      "to": "2026-09-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
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    },
    "value": {
     "best": 2570
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/Protection-of-Civilians-in-Armed-Conflict-September-2026",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update, September 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     },
     {
      "source": "src.ukrainska-pravda",
      "url": "https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2026/10/16/8058373/",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update, September 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-16T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
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    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-jqat",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU verified civilian casualties in Ukraine since 24 February 2022; a verified minimum, the mission says actual figures are considerably higher. Scope: all of Ukraine, including Russian-occupied territory where verifiable. Includes 2,540 children. Four-year fact sheet; the press release rounds to more than 41,000.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
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    },
    "value": {
     "best": 41378
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/node/310529",
      "origin": "HRMMU four-year fact sheet, February 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-02-16T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     },
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/node/310297",
      "origin": "HRMMU four-year press release, 16 February 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-02-16T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
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    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-1zpf"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-k9yc",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU verified civilian casualties in Ukraine since 24 February 2022; a verified minimum, the mission says actual figures are considerably higher. Scope: all of Ukraine, including Russian-occupied territory where verifiable. Includes 733 children. From the monthly update covering August 2025, released 10 September 2025.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2025-08-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 14116
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/node/301284",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update press release, 10 September 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-09-10T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
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    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-4qh0"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-kaba",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "across 12 oblasts; individual verification pending",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2023-12-29",
      "to": "2024-01-03"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2024-01-03"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 421
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/257062-civilian-casualties-across-ukraine-29-december",
      "origin": "UN HRMMU update",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2024-01-03T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
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    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-kbvw",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "April 2025",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-04-01",
      "to": "2025-04-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-04-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 1146
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/294036-april-deadliest-month-ukraine%E2%80%99s-civilians-september",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for April 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-05-08T00:00:00Z",
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      "language": "en"
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    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
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   {
    "id": "to-20261027-kjmx",
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    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.unhcr",
    "note": "Refugees from Ukraine recorded across Europe, per UNHCR statement of 9 June 2022, including people who moved onward from neighbouring countries. Recorded refugees, not border crossings.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Europe",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2022-06-09"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 4800000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.sofia-globe",
      "url": "https://sofiaglobe.com/?p=107084",
      "origin": "UNHCR statement, 9 June 2022",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-06-09T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
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   {
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    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "since 24 Feb 2022, verified",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-02-20"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 12654
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/289667-civilian-harm-and-human-rights-abuses-persist-ukraine-war-enters-fourth-year",
      "origin": "HRMMU three-year fact sheet, 21 Feb 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-02-21T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
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    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-zhgr"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-m6gs",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "Civilians killed in Ukraine in July 2026 as shown in the monthly table of HRMMU's September 2026 update.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-07-01",
      "to": "2026-07-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 448
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2026-10/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28September%202026%29_ENG.pdf",
      "origin": "HRMMU September 2026 update, page 4 monthly table",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
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    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-mfrp",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.president-of-ukraine",
    "note": "Zelensky's figure of about 400,000 Ukrainian soldiers wounded, Fox News interview.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-07-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 400000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.brussels-signal",
      "url": "https://brusselssignal.eu/2026/07/zelensky-puts-russian-war-dead-far-above-ukraines-and-lowers-kyivs-own-toll/",
      "origin": "Zelensky interview with Fox News",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-31T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-vsqh"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-mkww",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "July 2025, per HRMMU",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-07-01",
      "to": "2025-07-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-07-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 1388
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/299761-number-civilians-killed-and-injured-ukraine-reaches-three-year-monthly-high-july-2025-un",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly civilian harm update for July 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-08-13T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
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    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-mmt1",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.mediazona",
    "note": "Male Russian citizens aged 18 to 59 killed from the start of the full-scale invasion to the end of 2025: about 261,000 'regular' deaths and about 90,000 'late' deaths (declared by court or registered 180 or more days late), the late part being the most uncertain. Wider age band and method than earlier estimates, so not directly comparable. Published 9 May 2026.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "modelled",
     "as_of": "2025-12-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 352000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.mediazona",
      "url": "https://en.zona.media/article/2026/05/09/losses",
      "origin": "Mediazona and Meduza probate registry estimate",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-05-09T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-r11c"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-mqg6",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU verified civilian casualties in Ukraine since 24 February 2022; a verified minimum, the mission says actual figures are considerably higher. Scope: all of Ukraine, including Russian-occupied territory where verifiable.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2023-02-15"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 8006
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/219519-civilian-casualties-ukraine-24-february-2022-15-february-2023",
      "origin": "OHCHR update, civilian casualties 24 February 2022 to 15 February 2023",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2023-02-20T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-myef"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-ms6y",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.iom",
    "note": "internally displaced people in Ukraine as of January 2026, per IOM",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine (internally displaced)",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "modelled",
     "as_of": "2026-01-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 3700000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.iom",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/310422-325000-ukrainian-returnees-risk-displacement-again-winter-energy-crisis-deepens-iom-chief",
      "origin": "IOM displacement estimate for January 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-02-16T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-my70",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU verified civilians injured in Ukraine from January to September 2026. September 2026 alone: at least 2,105 injured.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-01-01",
      "to": "2026-09-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 15211
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/Protection-of-Civilians-in-Armed-Conflict-September-2026",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update, September 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-myef",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU verified civilian casualties in Ukraine since 24 February 2022; a verified minimum, the mission says actual figures are considerably higher. Scope: all of Ukraine, including Russian-occupied territory where verifiable.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2022-09-04"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 5718
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ocha-reliefweb-ohchr-update",
      "url": "https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/ukraine-civilian-casualties-2400-4-september-2022-enruuk",
      "origin": "OHCHR civilian casualty update as of 24:00 4 September 2022",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-09-05T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-n3kv",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU verified civilian casualties in Ukraine since 24 February 2022; a verified minimum, the mission says actual figures are considerably higher. Scope: all of Ukraine, including Russian-occupied territory where verifiable. Includes 803 children. Cumulative figure in the press release on the June 2026 update (14 July 2026).",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-06-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 16431
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/node/319320",
      "origin": "HRMMU press release on the first half of 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-14T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-e03g"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-n4hc",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "Civilians killed in this period as verified by OHCHR by 3 July 2022, from the monthly breakdown in the 4 July update. Later updates may revise it.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2022-04-01",
      "to": "2022-04-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2022-07-03"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 660
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://www.ohchr.org/en/updates/2022/07/ukraine-civilian-casualty-update-4-july-2022",
      "origin": "OHCHR civilian casualty update, period 24 Feb to midnight on 3 Jul 2022",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-07-04T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-njh3",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.unhcr",
    "note": "Some 5.9 million registered refugees from Ukraine worldwide by December 2025, per UNHCR's Europe update to its Standing Committee (March 2026). UNHCR gives 9.6 million displaced in all, a figure that includes internally displaced people and is not recorded here as a sum.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Global",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2025-12-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 5900000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.unhcr",
      "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/system/files/protected-files/2026-03/europe-95-sc-e.pdf",
      "origin": "UNHCR Europe regional update to the Standing Committee, March 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-03-01T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-nr64",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "January 2026; 54 killed by long-range missiles and drones, 97 near the front line, per HRMMU",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-01-01",
      "to": "2026-01-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-01-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 161
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/310140-energy-attacks-amid-unusually-harsh-winter-are-exposing-ukraine%E2%80%99s-civilians-extreme-hardship",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly civilian harm update for January 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-02-13T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-p696",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "February 2025",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-02-01",
      "to": "2025-02-28"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-02-28"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 129
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/292381-stark-increase-civilian-casualties-march-un-human-rights-monitors-say",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for March 2025, giving February figures",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-04-09T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-p7ee",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "June 2025; highest monthly toll in three years",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-06-01",
      "to": "2025-06-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-06-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 232
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/297777-civilian-casualties-ukraine-reach-three-year-high-june-un-human-rights-monitors-say",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly update for June 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-07-10T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-pa40",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU verified civilian casualties in Ukraine since 24 February 2022; a verified minimum, the mission says actual figures are considerably higher. Scope: all of Ukraine, including Russian-occupied territory where verifiable. Includes 2,960 children.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-06-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 48613
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/node/319320",
      "origin": "HRMMU press release on the first half of 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-07-14T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-jqat"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-prem",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.mediazona",
    "note": "Russian military personnel killed in the war whose deaths Mediazona and BBC News Russian confirmed by name from public sources (obituaries, relatives' posts, local officials). A floor; the outlets say actual deaths are significantly higher.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia and Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-10-09"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 135100
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.kyiv-independent",
      "url": "https://kyivindependent.com/over-135-000-russian-soldiers-killed-in-ukraine-identified-by-media-investigation/",
      "origin": "Mediazona and BBC News Russian named list",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-10-12T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-emgt"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-q1nb",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "August to November 2023; 86 percent in government-controlled territory",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2023-08-01",
      "to": "2023-11-30"
     },
     "bound": "exact",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2023-11-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 576
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/255596-ukraine-faces-second-winter-war-un-warns-long-conflict",
      "origin": "OHCHR periodic report, 12 Dec",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2023-12-12T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-qjgz",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "since 24 Feb 2022, verified",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-02-20"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 29392
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/289667-civilian-harm-and-human-rights-abuses-persist-ukraine-war-enters-fourth-year",
      "origin": "HRMMU three-year fact sheet, 21 Feb 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-02-21T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-9vwn"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-qm6p",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "January 2026, per HRMMU",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-01-01",
      "to": "2026-01-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-01-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 757
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/310140-energy-attacks-amid-unusually-harsh-winter-are-exposing-ukraine%E2%80%99s-civilians-extreme-hardship",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly civilian harm update for January 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-02-13T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-qxr0",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU said more than 17,000 injured",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
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     },
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    "value": {
     "best": 17000
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    "citations": [
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      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/245132-un-human-rights-official-denounces-attack-eastern-ukraine",
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      "published_at": "2023-09-08T00:00:00Z",
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     "best": 220000
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    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
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   {
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    "note": "5.762 million refugees from Ukraine recorded globally excluding Russia, as of 30 April 2026: UNHCR data as relayed by Ukraine's Ministry of Economy and Environment monthly monitoring. Not taken directly from a UNHCR publication.",
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    "note": "OHCHR individually verified count; OHCHR says actual figures are considerably higher. Covers all of Ukraine including areas under Russian control. Includes 335 children per the High Commissioner. Nearest published point after the slice end of 30 June.",
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      "origin": "Statement by UN High Commissioner Michelle Bachelet, 5 Jul 2022",
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    "note": "HRMMU verified civilian casualties in Ukraine since 24 February 2022; a verified minimum, the mission says actual figures are considerably higher. Scope: all of Ukraine, including Russian-occupied territory where verifiable.",
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     "measure": "injured",
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     "geography": "Ukraine",
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    "type": "toll",
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    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "February 2025",
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     "measure": "injured",
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    "counting_body": "src.office-of-the-prosecutor-general-of-ukraine",
    "note": "CHILDREN ONLY (under 18). Children injured per the Office of the Prosecutor General; the portal says the exact number cannot be established.",
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      "origin": "Office of the Prosecutor General count on the Children of War portal",
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    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
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    "note": "more than 560 children",
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     "measure": "killed",
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     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/253322-civilian-deaths-ukraine-war-top-10000-un-says",
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    "note": "includes 726 children, per HRMMU",
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     "measure": "killed",
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     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/299761-number-civilians-killed-and-injured-ukraine-reaches-three-year-monthly-high-july-2025-un",
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     "measure": "killed",
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     "side": "ua",
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      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
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      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
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     "measure": "injured",
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      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
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    "note": "HRMMU verified civilian casualties in Ukraine since 24 February 2022; a verified minimum, the mission says actual figures are considerably higher. Scope: all of Ukraine, including Russian-occupied territory where verifiable. Figure from the HRMMU two-year update.",
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      "source": "src.radio-free-europe-radio-liberty",
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     {
      "source": "src.kyiv-independent",
      "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/zelenskyy-over-45-000-ukrainian-211516491.html",
      "origin": "Zelensky interview with Piers Morgan",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-02-04T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-1v79"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-w925",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "1 December 2025 to 31 May 2026, per HRMMU periodic report",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-12-01",
      "to": "2026-05-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-05-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 6871
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/318395-un-report-details-increase-civilian-deaths-amid-systematic-strikes-energy-facilities",
      "origin": "HRMMU periodic report, 1 Dec 2025 to 31 May 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-06-29T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-wnsy",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ocha",
    "note": "11 of them in the line of duty; 34 injured, per the UN Humanitarian Coordinator",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "subgroup": "aid_workers",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2023-01-01",
      "to": "2023-12-08"
     },
     "bound": "exact",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2023-12-08"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 15
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.un-ukraine",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/255229-civilians-and-humanitarian-personnel-ukraine-are-not-target",
      "origin": "UN Humanitarian Coordinator Denise Brown statement",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2023-12-08T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-wrcx",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "HRMMU's own cumulative figure in its September 2026 update: civilians injured in Ukraine since 24 February 2022, verified minimum. Of those injured, HRMMU lists 1,738 boys, 1,350 girls and 285 children of unknown sex. Total verified civilian casualties 73,451 (HRMMU's own sum).",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 55846
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2026-10/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28September%202026%29_ENG.pdf",
      "origin": "HRMMU September 2026 update, page 4: civilian casualties since 24 February 2022",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-y635"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-xd35",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "Civilians killed in Ukraine in September 2026, the highest September since the full-scale invasion per HRMMU. Includes 18 killed in territory occupied by the Russian Federation.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2026-09-01",
      "to": "2026-09-30"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 328
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2026-10/Ukraine%20-%20protection%20of%20civilians%20in%20armed%20conflict%20%28September%202026%29_ENG.pdf",
      "origin": "HRMMU September 2026 update",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     },
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.ohchr.org/en/Protection-of-Civilians-in-Armed-Conflict-September-2026",
      "origin": "HRMMU September 2026 update web summary",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-15T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-xgze",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "1 December 2025 to 31 May 2026, per HRMMU periodic report",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-12-01",
      "to": "2026-05-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2026-05-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 1272
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/318395-un-report-details-increase-civilian-deaths-amid-systematic-strikes-energy-facilities",
      "origin": "HRMMU periodic report, 1 Dec 2025 to 31 May 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-06-29T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-xj4a",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.office-of-the-prosecutor-general-of-ukraine",
    "note": "CHILDREN ONLY (under 18). Children killed since 24 February 2022 per Ukraine's Office of the Prosecutor General, shown on the government 'Children of War' portal. A party's count. Lower than HRMMU's verified child deaths (803 to end of June 2026), so the two use different methods.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "subgroup": "children",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-10-27"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 765
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.children-of-war-government-of-ukraine",
      "url": "https://childrenofwar.gov.ua/en/",
      "origin": "Office of the Prosecutor General count on the Children of War portal",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-27T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-y5dp",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "Civilians killed in this period as verified by OHCHR by 3 July 2022, from the monthly breakdown in the 4 July update. Later updates may revise it.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2022-03-01",
      "to": "2022-03-31"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2022-07-03"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 3028
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://www.ohchr.org/en/updates/2022/07/ukraine-civilian-casualty-update-4-july-2022",
      "origin": "OHCHR civilian casualty update, period 24 Feb to midnight on 3 Jul 2022",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-07-04T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-y635",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "includes 2,234 children, per HRMMU",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "injured",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "individually_verified",
     "as_of": "2025-07-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 35548
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
      "url": "https://ukraine.un.org/en/299761-number-civilians-killed-and-injured-ukraine-reaches-three-year-monthly-high-july-2025-un",
      "origin": "HRMMU monthly civilian harm update for July 2025",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-08-13T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-qjgz"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-y77g",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.unhcr",
    "note": "Some 5.3 million refugees from Ukraine in Europe by December 2025, per UNHCR's March 2026 Europe update.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Europe",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2025-12-31"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 5300000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.unhcr",
      "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/system/files/protected-files/2026-03/europe-95-sc-e.pdf",
      "origin": "UNHCR Europe regional update to the Standing Committee, March 2026",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-03-01T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-kjmx"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-ycqy",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.iom",
    "note": "Internally displaced people, IOM general population survey round 4; 18.2% of the population.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "all",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Inside Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "modelled",
     "as_of": "2022-05-03"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 8020000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.iom",
      "url": "https://www.iom.int/news/needs-growing-over-8-million-internally-displaced-ukraine",
      "origin": "IOM general population survey round 4",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-05-10T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-1j9e"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-yfvf",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.iom",
    "note": "Internally displaced people, IOM general population survey round 5 (17 to 23 May); a fall of nearly 900,000 since 3 May as some returned.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "all",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Inside Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "modelled",
     "as_of": "2022-05-23"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 7134000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.iom",
      "url": "https://dtm.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1461/files/reports/IOM_Gen%20Pop%20Report_R5_final%20ENG%20(1).pdf",
      "origin": "IOM general population survey round 5",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2022-05-31T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-ycqy"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-yg5m",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.president-of-ukraine",
    "note": "Zelensky's figure for Ukrainian soldiers killed, posted on social media and reported by AFP. A party's statement about its own losses.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2024-12-08"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 43000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.blue-news",
      "url": "https://www.bluewin.ch/it/attualita/mondo/zelensky-43-000-i-soldati-ucraini-uccisi-370-000-feriti-li.2478700",
      "origin": "Zelensky social media post, reported by AFP",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2024-12-08T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-d8ad"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-yh4r",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.unhcr",
    "note": "More than 2.13 million refugees from Ukraine living across the RRP countries as of September 2026, per the inter-agency RRP paper published by UNHCR in October 2026. A narrower scope than UNHCR's Europe and global totals; not comparable with them. Country notes in the same paper: Poland more than 868,000 with active temporary protection (September 2026), Moldova about 145,000 and Romania about 220,000 (August 2026).",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "displaced",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Regional Refugee Response Plan host countries (11, including Poland, Moldova, Romania, Czech Republic and Belarus)",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "at_least",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2026-09-30"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 2130000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.unhcr",
      "url": "https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/124663",
      "origin": "Regional Refugee Response for the Ukraine Situation, 2022-2026 paper (UNHCR, October 2026)",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2026-10-27T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:36:06Z"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-ymjp",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.mediazona",
    "note": "Headline of the Mediazona and Meduza estimate published 5 July 2024 ('120,000 dead and counting'), as listed by Meduza; as_of is the publication date because the cut-off was not confirmed.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ru",
     "geography": "Russia",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "modelled",
     "as_of": "2024-07-05"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 120000
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.meduza",
      "url": "https://meduza.io/en/feature/2025/08/29/the-deadliest-year-yet",
      "origin": "Meduza list of earlier Mediazona and Meduza estimates",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-08-29T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-81f6"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-ypec",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.president-of-ukraine",
    "note": "Zelensky's figure for Ukrainian soldiers killed, interview with Piers Morgan. He gave no figure for missing or captured.",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "combatant",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "cumulative",
      "from": "2022-02-24"
     },
     "bound": "estimate",
     "method": "reported_by_body",
     "as_of": "2025-02-04"
    },
    "value": {
     "best": 45100
    },
    "citations": [
     {
      "source": "src.kyiv-independent",
      "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/zelenskyy-over-45-000-ukrainian-211516491.html",
      "origin": "Zelensky interview with Piers Morgan",
      "role": "count",
      "published_at": "2025-02-04T00:00:00Z",
      "accessed_at": "2026-10-27T12:00:00Z",
      "language": "en"
     }
    ],
    "record_state": "active",
    "schema_version": 1,
    "created_at": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "last_changed": "2026-10-27T21:03:25Z",
    "supersedes": "to-20261027-yg5m"
   },
   {
    "id": "to-20261027-ywpg",
    "type": "toll",
    "conflict": "russia-ukraine",
    "counting_body": "src.ohchr-hrmmu",
    "note": "October 2025, per HRMMU",
    "scope": {
     "measure": "killed",
     "population": "civilian",
     "side": "ua",
     "geography": "Ukraine",
     "period": {
      "kind": "range",
      "from": "2025-10-01",
      "to": "2025-10-31"
     },
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