2025

HRMMU verified 2,514 civilians killed and 12,142 injured in Ukraine in 2025, while Russia's foreign ministry said Ukrainian attacks killed at least 1,065 civilians that year, a party's count not independently verified. ^[1][2][3] The UN Humanitarian Coordinator said on 17 December that Odesa had been without power for more than a week and roughly half of Kherson city without electricity for several days, and a 27 December attack on Kyiv cut heating to about a third of the city, mayor Vitali Klitschko said. ^[1][2] Ballistic missiles struck a port facility in Odesa region on 19 December, killing at least eight people, some of them on a bus, according to Ukraine's State Emergency Service. ^[1] Putin announced the capture of Pokrovsk and Vovchansk on 1 December, which Ukraine disputed, saying fighting continued in both, and Ukraine's General Staff said on 23 December its troops had withdrawn from Siversk. ^[1][3] US envoys met Putin in the Kremlin on 2 December without a compromise on territory, Zelensky unveiled a 20-point draft on 23 December, and at Mar-a-Lago on 28 December he and Donald Trump both cited progress while the future of Donbas stayed unsettled. ^[1][2][3] EU leaders agreed on 19 December a 90 billion euro loan for Ukraine for 2026 and 2027 after failing to agree to use frozen Russian assets. ^[1] Russian foreign minister Sergei Lavrov said on 29 December that Ukraine had sent 91 drones at Putin's Valdai residence and that Russia would revise its negotiating position, an allegation Zelensky called fake. ^[1]

Written from the records it cites; every figure appears in a cited record.

Russian missiles hit two apartment blocks in Ternopil on 19 November, killing at least 38 civilians including eight children, HRMMU verified, and UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Turk said he was appalled by the casualties. ^[1] A strike on Ukraine's grid on 8 November knocked out all of state generator Centrenergo's working thermal capacity, the company said, and an attack on 25 November killed at least eight people, mainly in Kyiv, according to authorities cited by HRMMU. ^[1][2] IOM said on 12 November that 3.7 million people were internally displaced in Ukraine and that more than 1.3 million displaced renters were using savings to pay rent. ^[1] Russian commanders told Vladimir Putin on 20 November that they had captured Kupiansk, and Ukraine's commander-in-chief Oleksandr Syrskyi said the situation had significantly worsened on the Huliaipole and Oleksandrivka axes, where Ukrainian troops withdrew from two villages. ^[1][2] A Russian drone set a gas tanker ablaze at Izmail port on 17 November, leading Romania to evacuate a village across the Danube, and naval drones hit two sanctioned tankers off Turkey on 28 November and the Caspian Pipeline Consortium terminal at Novorossiysk a day later, which Kazakhstan protested. ^[1][2] The US presented Ukraine with a 28-point peace plan on 20 November and talks in Geneva on 23 November drafted an updated framework, and on 28 November Zelensky's chief of staff and lead negotiator Andriy Yermak resigned after anti-corruption searches. ^[1][2][3] In Poland, an explosion damaged the Warsaw to Lublin railway line near Mika on 15 November, an incident the Leiden dataset codes as sabotage. ^[1]

Written from the records it cites; every figure appears in a cited record.

A Russian strike on energy facilities on 10 October left more than 700,000 Kyiv households without power, the energy company DTEK said, the first of three large-scale October strikes on energy that HRMMU said caused emergency outages in most regions. ^[1] HRMMU recorded 148 civilians killed and 929 injured in October, and IOM put the number of internally displaced people in government-controlled areas at 3,700,000. ^[1][2][3] Drones set fire to two marked UN aid trucks in Bilozerka, Kherson region, on 14 October, an attack the UN Humanitarian Coordinator attributed to Russia's armed forces, and officials said an overnight attack on 22 October killed six people in Kyiv and its region, including two children. ^[1][2] Repairs to the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant's power lines began on 18 October under local ceasefire zones, the IAEA said. ^[1] Vladimir Putin said in late October that Ukrainian forces in Pokrovsk and Kupiansk were encircled, which Ukraine's commander-in-chief Oleksandr Syrskyi denied. ^[1] Donald Trump announced a summit with Putin in Budapest after a call on 16 October, but it was shelved five days later, and on 22 October the US sanctioned Rosneft and Lukoil, its first new Russia sanctions since Trump took office. ^[1][2] Drone sightings closed Munich airport on 2 and 3 October, and Poland detained eight people on 21 October, three of them linked to a plot to send incendiary parcels to Ukraine, according to the Leiden dataset. ^[1][2]

Written from the records it cites; every figure appears in a cited record.

A Russian air strike on pensioners queuing for payments in the village of Yarova in Donetsk region on 9 September killed at least 25 people, the regional governor said, and prosecutors said artillery fire on Kostiantynivka on 3 September killed eight civilians. ^[1][2] Ukraine's air force said Russia launched 810 drones and 13 missiles overnight into 7 September, the largest attack of the full-scale war, which set the Cabinet of Ministers building in Kyiv on fire; HRMMU said at least five civilians were killed. ^[1] The Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant lost all off-site power on 23 September, beginning what the IAEA called by far the longest such event of the war. ^[1] Ukraine's General Staff said its forces struck the Kirishi refinery in Leningrad region on 14 September, part of an intensified campaign against Russian refineries. ^[1] Poland said 19 Russian drones entered its airspace on 10 September and that some were shot down, the first time NATO allies used force against such drones, while Russia's defence ministry said it had no intention of targeting anything in Poland. ^[1] Estonia said three Russian MiG-31 jets entered its airspace for about 12 minutes on 19 September, which Russia denied, and drone sightings closed Copenhagen and Oslo airports on 22 September, with Denmark's prime minister saying she could not rule out Russian involvement. ^[1][2] At a Paris summit on 4 September, 26 countries pledged to support a reassurance force for Ukraine after a ceasefire, and Donald Trump wrote after meeting Zelensky at the UN General Assembly that Ukraine with EU support could win all its territory back. ^[1]

Written from the records it cites; every figure appears in a cited record.

A Russian strike on Kyiv on 28 August killed at least 25 people, including four children, and collapsed an apartment block, city authorities said, and also damaged the EU delegation. ^[1] By the end of August, HRMMU had verified 14,116 civilians killed and 36,481 injured in Ukraine since February 2022. ^[1][2] A mass attack on western Ukraine on 21 August hit a US-owned electronics plant in Mukachevo, where regional authorities said 23 people were injured. ^[1] DeepState reported a Russian push toward the Dobropillia-Kramatorsk road on 11 August, and in eastern Poland a drone that the defence minister called Russian exploded in a field near Osiny on 20 August. ^[1][2] Ukrainian drones struck the Druzhba pipeline's Unecha pumping station on 21 August, disrupting flows to Hungary and Slovakia, and Hungary's foreign minister Peter Szijjarto called it an attack on Hungary's sovereignty. ^[1] Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin met in Alaska on 15 August without announcing a ceasefire or deal, and three days later President Zelensky and seven European leaders met Trump at the White House on security guarantees. ^[1][2] Prisoner exchanges continued, with 84 people swapped each way on 14 August and, according to Russia's defence ministry, 146 prisoners of war each on 24 August. ^[1][2]

Written from the records it cites; every figure appears in a cited record.

The UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission (HRMMU) recorded 286 civilians killed and 1,388 injured in Ukraine in July, its highest monthly death toll since May 2022. ^[1][2] A missile and drone strike on Kyiv on 31 July killed 32 people, the capital's highest verified civilian toll of the war according to HRMMU, and aerial bombs on a penal colony in Zaporizhzhia region on 28 July killed at least 16 prisoners, a strike the Kremlin denied carrying out. ^[1][2] Ukraine's air force said Russia fired 728 drones and 13 missiles overnight into 9 July, mainly at Lutsk, the largest attack of the war at that point, and WHO recorded an attack affecting a health facility and a health warehouse in Kyiv. ^[1][2] Russia's defence ministry claimed the capture of Chasiv Yar on 31 July, a claim Ukraine's military rejected, while the monitoring group DeepState reported Russian infiltration groups inside Pokrovsk. ^[1][2] The White House paused some weapons shipments to Ukraine on 1 July after a Pentagon stockpile review, and a third round of direct talks in Istanbul on 23 July agreed an exchange of at least 1,200 prisoners each but no ceasefire. ^[1][2] President Donald Trump said on 29 July that Russia had ten days to agree a ceasefire, after which he had threatened secondary tariffs of up to 100 percent on buyers of Russian goods.

Written from the records it cites; every figure appears in a cited record.

June was marked by 232 civilians killed and 1,343 injured, the UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission recorded, and an overnight attack on Kyiv killed 30 people and injured 172, according to Ukrainian officials, the deadliest attack on the city in almost a year. ^[1][2][3] Local officials said a daytime ballistic missile attack on Dnipro and nearby Samarske killed at least 21 people and damaged a passenger train, and Russia's largest air attack of the war, with 477 drones and 60 missiles, killed two civilians and an F-16 pilot. ^[1][2] Ukraine's SBU said drones launched inside Russia hit 41 military aircraft at four air bases, Russia confirmed aircraft fires in the Murmansk and Irkutsk regions, and the SBU said an underwater blast damaged supports of the Crimean Bridge. ^[1][3] Putin told Trump Russia would have to respond, and days later Russia launched more than 400 drones and 40 missiles, killing four people including three emergency workers in Kyiv, Zelensky said. ^[2] A second round of talks in Istanbul ended without a ceasefire but with agreement to exchange all seriously wounded and sick prisoners and young soldiers, and Ukraine's prisoner coordination body said Russia returned 1,200 bodies under the deal. ^[1][2] Russian forces took a series of border settlements in Sumy oblast, and Russian state media claimed the first capture of a village in Dnipropetrovsk oblast, which Ukrainian officials did not confirm. ^[1][2] WHO recorded attacks on health care in places including Kherson, Kupiansk and Kremenchuk. ^[1][2][3]

Written from the records it cites; every figure appears in a cited record.

Local authorities said a drone strike on an evacuation minibus near Bilopillia in Sumy region killed nine people, most of them elderly women, and the Sumy governor later ordered the mandatory evacuation of 11 more border villages. ^[1][2] Russia launched a then-record 273 drones in one night and, later in the month, three nights of mass missile and drone attacks on Kyiv and other cities that UN human rights chief Volker Turk said killed at least 14 civilians and injured 88. ^[1][2] WHO recorded attacks on health care in places including Kherson and Bilozerka. ^[1][2] Russia's unilateral 72-hour Victory Day truce began with both sides reporting continued fighting, and after the leaders of the UK, France, Germany and Poland demanded a 30-day ceasefire in Kyiv, Putin proposed direct talks in Istanbul instead. ^[1][2] The first direct Russia-Ukraine talks since 2022 produced no ceasefire but an agreement to exchange 1,000 prisoners each, which was carried out over three days as the largest exchange of the war. ^[1][2] After a two-hour call with Trump, Putin offered to work on a peace memorandum but did not accept a 30-day ceasefire, and Trump later wrote that Putin had gone absolutely crazy. ^[1] Kremlin negotiator Vladimir Medinsky said Moscow was ready to continue contacts, and cited the 21-year Great Northern War as a sign Russia would fight as long as it took.

Written from the records it cites; every figure appears in a cited record.

The UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission recorded 209 civilians killed, 19 of them children, and 1,146 injured in April. ^[1][2][3] A ballistic missile detonated over a playground in Kryvyi Rih, killing 20 civilians including nine children, which the mission called the deadliest single attack for children it had verified, and Russia's claim that it targeted military personnel was called false by Ukraine. ^[1] Two ballistic missiles struck central Sumy on Palm Sunday, killing 35 according to the regional prosecutor's office, and a missile and drone attack on Kyiv killed at least 11, prompting Trump to post "Vladimir, STOP!" ^[1][2] Russia's Valery Gerasimov said Kursk region had been fully retaken and for the first time credited North Korean troops, a claim Ukraine disputed, saying fighting continued. ^[1] Putin declared a 30-hour Easter truce as the sides exchanged 246 prisoners each, and Zelensky accused Russia of about 2,000 violations; the Kremlin later announced a 72-hour ceasefire for 8 to 10 May, while Kyiv called for 30 days. ^[1][2] Rubio warned the US could abandon its peace efforts, a reported US framework would recognise Russian control of Crimea, and the US and Ukraine signed a minerals agreement creating a joint Reconstruction Investment Fund. ^[2][3] In Europe, the Leiden dataset recorded hackers taking control of a Norwegian dam, which Norway's spy chief said were Russian. ^[1]

Written from the records it cites; every figure appears in a cited record.

In March 164 civilians were killed and 910 injured, according to the UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission, which said an attack on Dobropillia killed 11 civilians and injured 47 on a day Russia fired missiles and drones at gas and energy sites. ^[1][2][3] The US paused military aid and intelligence sharing after the Oval Office argument, then restored them after talks in Jeddah at which Ukraine accepted a US proposal for a 30-day ceasefire, subject to Russian acceptance. ^[1][2] Putin said the ceasefire idea was right but raised questions, and after a call with Trump agreed only to a 30-day halt to strikes on energy infrastructure, hours before Russian drones hit a hospital in Sumy and power sites in Sloviansk. ^[2] Russian forces retook villages around Sudzha and entered the town, and Ukraine's General Staff later confirmed the withdrawal from the largest town it had held in Kursk region. ^[1][2] Ukraine launched its largest drone attack on Moscow and the surrounding region, which Russian officials said killed at least three people, and Russia and Ukraine blamed each other for a fire at the Sudzha gas metering station. ^[1][2] After parallel talks in Riyadh the White House announced Black Sea and energy arrangements, which the Kremlin tied to sanctions relief, and the sides exchanged 175 prisoners each. ^[1][2] Putin suggested Ukraine could be placed under a temporary UN administration to hold new elections, an idea a US spokesperson rejected.

Written from the records it cites; every figure appears in a cited record.

UNHCR said 10.6 million Ukrainians were displaced, almost a quarter of the pre-war population, and that 12.7 million people inside Ukraine needed humanitarian assistance, while the UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission recorded 129 civilians killed and 588 injured in February. ^[1][2][3] A missile strike on an apartment building in Poltava killed at least 14 people, including two children, the State Emergency Service said, and a strike on a boarding school in Ukrainian-held Sudzha killed at least four, with Kyiv and Moscow blaming each other. ^[1][2] Zelensky said a drone struck the protective confinement over Chornobyl's destroyed reactor and started a fire, and the IAEA said the inner containment was not breached. ^[1] Trump said he and Putin had agreed to begin negotiations, and US and Russian delegations met in Riyadh without Ukrainian or European officials, after defence secretary Pete Hegseth called a return to Ukraine's pre-2014 borders unrealistic. ^[1][2] Trump called Zelensky a dictator without elections, and Zelensky said he was ready to give up the presidency if that achieved peace. On the third anniversary of the invasion, the UN General Assembly backed a resolution naming Russia the aggressor by 93 votes to 18, with the US voting against, and a White House meeting between Zelensky, Trump and JD Vance broke down with the minerals deal unsigned. ^[1][2] On the front, Ukrainian forces retook Pishchane south-west of Pokrovsk, and the sides exchanged 150 prisoners of war each. ^[1][2]

Written from the records it cites; every figure appears in a cited record.

The UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission recorded 139 civilians killed and 738 injured in Ukraine in January, and guided bombs on an industrial site in Zaporizhzhia killed 13 and injured 122, according to the State Emergency Service. ^[1][2][3] Ukrainian officials said a drone strike on an apartment block in Sumy killed nine people, and the grid operator imposed emergency power cuts in six regions during a large missile strike on energy targets. ^[1][2] Russian gas transit to Europe through Ukraine ended as the contract expired, and the Guardian reported that Moldova's breakaway Transnistria region cut heating and hot water to households. ^[1] Russia said it took Kurakhove and claimed Velyka Novosilka, where a Ukrainian brigade said it withdrew only from parts of the town, while reports that Chasiv Yar had fallen were disputed by Ukrainian soldiers and analysts. ^[1][2][3] Ukraine launched a new attack in the part of Russia's Kursk region it held, and Zelensky said Ukrainian forces captured two North Korean soldiers there. ^[1][2] Donald Trump urged Putin to settle and stop the war or face tariffs and sanctions, and Putin said Russia was ready for negotiations with him, while the sides exchanged 25 prisoners of war each in the first swap of 2025. ^[3] EASA advised airlines not to operate in parts of Russian airspace west of longitude 60 degrees East, and in Europe the Leiden dataset recorded damage to the C-Lion1 cable between Finland and Germany investigated as suspected sabotage. ^[1][2]

Written from the records it cites; every figure appears in a cited record.